Yadav, Ganapati D. PRACTICE OF GREEN CHEMISTRY THROUGH CASCADE ENGINEERED PHASE TRANSFER AND ACID CATALYSIS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FINE CHEMICALS AND PHARMACEUTICALS
Chemical Engineering Division, UDCT, Nathalal Parekh Marg, University of Mumbai, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400 019, India (gdyadav@yahoo.com)
In addition to the general green chemistry practices, other selectivity engineering principles can be used to develop atom economical processes.
- in a biphasic reaction, addition of a third solid phase with particle size smaller than diffusion film thickness.
- converting a liquid-liquid into liquid-liquid-liquid or liquid-liquid-solid phase transfer catalysis;
- heterogenising a homogeneous catalyst;
- cascade engineering of many steps including same catalyst;
- eclectically engineered catalysts;
- deliberate incorporation of mass transfer and/heat transfer resistance;
- on a larger scale, integration of different plants on the same site to achieve environmental goals.
The principles of selectivity engineering can be applied to a variety of important reactions in pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries with reference to environmental issues and a few examples, covering phase transfer catalysis and solid acid catalysis, are cited.