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Chu Research Group Publications
PEER-REVIEWED JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS
2011
chu, X., Z. Yu, C. S. Gardner, C. Chen, and W. Fong (2011), Lidar observations of neutral Fe layers and fast gravity waves in the thermosphere (110-155 km) at McMurdo (77.8°S, 166.7°E), Antarctica, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L23807, doi:10.1029/2011GL050016. [PDF Reprint]
Chu, X., W. Huang, W. Fong, Z. Yu, Z. Wang, J. A. Smith, and C. S. Gardner, First lidar observations of polar mesospheric clouds and Fe temperatures at McMurdo (77.8°S, 166.7°E), Antarctica, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L16810, doi:10.1029/2011GL048373, 2011. [PDF Reprint]
Gardner, C. S., X. Chu, P. J. Espy, J. M. C. Plane, D. R. Marsh, and D. Janches, Seasonal variations of mesospheric Fe layers at Rothera, Antarctica (67.5°S, 68.0°W), Journal of Geophysical Research, 116, D02304, doi:10.1029/2010JD014655, 2011. [PDF Reprint]
2010
Wang, Z., Z. Liu, L. Liu, S. Wu, B. Liu, Z. Li, and X. Chu, Iodine-filter-based mobile Doppler lidar to make continuous and full-azimuth-scanned wind measurements: Data acquisition and analysis system, data retrieval methods, and error analysis, Applied Optics, 49(36), 6960-6978, 2010. [PDF Reprint]
McDonald, A. J., B. Tan, and X. Chu, Role of gravity waves in the spatial and temporal variability of stratospheric temperature measured by COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 and Rayeligh lidar observations, Journal of Geophysical Research, 115, D19128, doi:10.1029/2009JD013658, 2010. [PDF Reprint]
Yamashita, C., H.-L. Liu, and X. Chu, Gravity wave variations during the 2009 stratospheric sudden warming as revealed by ECMWF-T799 and observations, Geophysical Research Letters, 37, L22806, doi:10.1029/2010GL045437, 2010. [PDF Reprint]
Yamashita, C., H.-L. Liu, and X. Chu, Responses of mesosphere and lower thermosphere temperatures to gravity wave forcing during stratospheric sudden warming, Geophysical Research Letters, 37, L09803, doi:10.1029/2009GL042351, 2010. [PDF Reprint]
Chu, X., W. Huang, J. P. Thayer, Z. Wang, and J. A. Smith, Progress in MRI Fe-Resonance/Rayleigh/Mie Doppler Lidar, Proceeding of the 25th International Laser Radar Conference, pp. 947-950, St. Petersburg, Russia, 4-9 July 2010.
Chu, X. and W. Huang, Fe Doppler-Free Spectroscopy and Optical Heterodyne Detection for Accurate Frequency Control of Fe-Resonance Doppler Lidar, Proceeding of the 25th International Laser Radar Conference, pp. 969-972, St. Petersburg, Russia, 4-9 July 2010 – won the 25th ILRC Best Poster Paper Award.
Fong, W., W. Huang, Z. Wang, B. Roberts, B. Tan, C. Yamashita, X. Chu, T. Yuan, S. D. Harrell, C.-Y. She, Wind and temperature from 10 to 45 km simultaneously measured with a Na-DEMOF-based 3-frequency Doppler lidar, Proceeding of the 25th International Laser Radar Conference, pp. 1003-1006, St. Petersburg, Russia, 4-9 July 2010.
Smith, J. A., X. Chu, J. S. Friedman, Feasibility analysis of a novel system for automatic beam alignment and spatial mode analysis in Rayleigh and resonance LIDAR, Proceeding of the 25th International Laser Radar Conference, pp. 86-89, St. Petersburg, Russia, 4-9 July 2010.
Wang, Z., Z. Liu, S. Wu, B. Liu, Z. Li, X. Chu and W. Huang, Automated and Full-Azimuth-Scanned Wind Measurements in PPI and RHI Modes with A Mobile Doppler Wind Lidar Based on Iodine Filters, Proceeding of the 25th International Laser Radar Conference, pp. 297-300, St. Petersburg, Russia, 4-9 July 2010.
Sarris, T. E., E. R. Talaat, A. Papayannis, X. Chu, M. Daly, P. Dietrich, J. Penson, V. Antakis, A. Vouldis, M. Koukouli, Ch. Kalaitzidis, E. Armandillo, Study Results for the Global Lidar Exploration of the Mesosphere, Proceeding of the 25th International Laser Radar Conference, pp.1355-1358, St. Petersburg, Russia, 4-9 July 2010.
Antakis, V., A. Vouldis, A. Papayannis, T. Sarris, X. Chu, E. R. Talaat, and E. Armandillo, Error analysis simulation for a fluorescence lidar system of the proposed GLEME mission, Proceeding of the 25th International Laser Radar Conference, pp. 1336-1339, St. Petersburg, Russia, 4-9 July 2010.
2009
Smith, J., X. Chu, W. Huang, and B. Tan, Applications of spectral analysis and filter design in laser frequency locking system for Na Doppler lidars, Optical Engineering, 48(10), 104301, 2009. [PDF Reprint]
Friedman, J. S., X. Zhang, X. Chu, and J. Forbes, Longitude Variations of the Solar Semidiurnal Tides in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere at Low Latitudes Observed from Ground and Space, Journal of Geophysical Research, 114, D11114, doi:10.1029/2009JD011763, 2009. [PDF Reprint]
Yamashita, C., X. Chu, H.-L. Liu, P. J. Espy, G. J. Nott, and W. Huang, Stratospheric gravity wave characteristics and seasonal variations observed by lidar at the South Pole and Rothera, Antarctica, Journal of Geophysical Research, 114, D12101, doi:10.1029/2008JD011472, 2009. [PDF Reprint]
Huang, W., X. Chu, J. Wiig, B. Tan, C. Yamashita, T. Yuan, J. Yue, S. D. Harrell, C.-Y. She, B. P. Williams, J. S. Friedman, and R. M. Hardesty, First field demonstration of simultaneous wind and temperature measurements from 5 to 50 km with a Na double-edge magneto-optic filter in a multi-frequency Doppler lidar, Optics Letters, 34(10), 1552-1554, May 15, 2009b. [PDF Reprint]
Huang, W., X. Chu, B. P. Williams, S. D. Harrell, J. Wiig, and C.-Y. She, Na double-edge magneto-optic filter for Na lidar profiling of wind and temperature in the lower atmosphere, Optics Letters, 34(2), 199-201, January 15, 2009a. [PDF Reprint]
Chu, X., C. Yamashita, P. J. Espy, G. J. Nott, E. J. Jensen, H.-L. Liu, W. Huang, and J. P. Thayer, Responses of polar mesospheric cloud brightness to stratospheric gravity waves at the South Pole and Rothera, Antarctica, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 71, 434-445, 2009. [PDF Reprint]
2008
Smith, J. A., X. Chu, W. Huang, J. Wiig, and A. T. Brown, LabVIEW-based laser frequency stabilization system with phase sensitive detection servo loop for Doppler lidar application, Optical Engineering, 47(11), 114201, 2008. [PDF Reprint]
Chu, X., Advances in Middle Atmosphere Research with LIDAR, Proceeding of the 24th International Laser Radar Conference, invited paper, pp. 769-772, 2008.
Chu, X., W. Huang, J. S. Friedman, and J. P. Thayer, MRI: Mobile Fe-Resonance/Rayleigh/Mie Doppler lidar principle, design, and analysis, Proceeding of the 24th International Laser Radar Conference, pp. 801-804, 2008.
Chu, X., W. Huang, J. S. Friedman, A. T. Brown, CRRL/CTC: Doppler-Free Saturation-Absorption and Polarization Spectroscopy for Resonance Fluorescence Doppler Lidars, Proceeding of the 24th International Laser Radar Conference, pp. 809-812, 2008.
Huang, W., X. Chu, B. P. Williams, J. Wiig, CRRL/CTC: Na Double-Edge Magneto-Optic Filter (Na-DEMOF) for Wind and Temperature Profiling in lower atmosphere, Proceeding of the 24th International Laser Radar Conference, pp. 805-808, 2008.
Smith, J. A., X. Chu, W. Huang, J. Wiig, A. T. Brown, CRRL/CTC: LabVIEW-Software-Based Laser Frequency Locking Servo System for Atmospheric Doppler LIDAR, Proceeding of the 24th International Laser Radar Conference, pp. 141-144, 2008.
Talaat, E. R., T. E. Sarris, A. Papayannis, E. Armandillo, X. Chu, M. Daly, P. Dietrich, and V. Antakis, GLEME: Global Lidar Exploration of the Mesosphere, Proceeding of the 24th International Laser Radar Conference, pp. 832-834, 2008.
2007
Friedman, J. S., and X. Chu, Nocturnal temperature structure in the mesopause region over the Arecibo Observatory (18.35°N, 66.75°W): Seasonal variations, Journal of Geophysical Research, 112, D14107, doi:10.1029/2006JD008220, 2007. [PDF Reprint]
2006
Chu, X., P. J. Espy, G. J. Nott, J. C. Diettrich, and C. S. Gardner, Polar mesospheric clouds observed by an iron Boltzmann lidar at Rothera (67.5°S, 68.0°W), Antarctica from 2002-2005: properties and implications, Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, D20213, doi: 10.1029/2006JD007086, 2006. [PDF Reprint]
Diettrich, J. C., G. J. Nott, P. J. Espy, X. Chu, and D. Riggin, Statistics of sporadic iron layer and relation to atmospheric dynamics, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 68, 102-113, 2006. [PDF Reprint]
Chu, X., Alexandrite-ring-laser-based Fe Doppler lidar for mobile/airborne deployment, Proceeding of the 23rd International Laser Radar Conference (ILRC), PP.385-388, Nara, Japan, 24-28 July 2006.
Friedman, J. S., and X. Chu, Tropical/sub-tropical mesopause thermal structure from Arecibo, PR (18.35°N, 66.75°W) and Maui, HI (20.7°N, 156.3°W), Proceeding of the 23rd International Laser Radar Conference (ILRC), PP. 577-580, Nara, Japan, 24-28 July 2006.
2005
Chu, X., and G. C. Papen, Resonance Fluorescence Lidar for Measurements of the Middle and Upper Atmosphere, in the book of Laser Remote Sensing, edited by T. Fujii and T. Fukuchi, published by CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, ISBN: 0-8247-4256-7, page 179-432, 2005.
Chu, X., C. S. Gardner, and S. J. Franke, Nocturnal thermal structure of the MLT region at Maui, HI (20.7°N) and Starfire Optical Range, NM (35°N), Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, D09S03, doi:10.1029/2004JD004891, 2005. [PDF Reprint]
Franke, S. J., X. Chu, A. Z. Liu, and W. K. Hocking, Comparison of meteor radar and Na Doppler lidar measurements of winds in the mesopause region above Maui, HI, Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, D09S02, doi:10.1029/2003JD004486, 2005. [PDF Reprint]
Stevens, M. H., R. R. Meier, X. Chu, M. T. DeLand, and J. M. C. Plane, Antarctic polar mesospheric clouds formed from space shuttle exhaust, Geophysical Research Letters, 32, L13810, doi:10.1029/2005GL023054, 2005. [PDF Reprint]
Zhao, Y., M. J. Taylor, and X. Chu, Comparison of simultaneous Na lidar and mesospheric nightglow temperature measurements and the effects of tides on the emission layer heights, Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, D09S07, doi:10.1029/2004JD005115, 2005. [PDF Reprint]
Gardner, C. S., J. M. C. Plane, W. Pan, T. Vondrak, B. J. Murray, and X. Chu, Seasonal variations of the Na and Fe layers at the South Pole and their implications for the chemistry and general circulation of the polar mesosphere, Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, D10302, doi: 10.1029/2004JD005670, 2005. [PDF Reprint]
Diettrich, J., G. J. Nott, P. J. Espy, G.R. Swenson, X. Chu, M. J. Taylor, D. M. Riggin and D.C. Fritts, High frequency atmospheric gravity-wave properties using Fe-lidar and OH-imager observations, Geophysical Research Letters, 32, doi: 10.1029/2004GL021944, 2005. [PDF Reprint]
Simpson, S. E., X. Chu, A. Z. Liu, W. Robinson, G. J. Nott, J. Diettrich, P. J. Espy, and J. Shanklin, Polar stratospheric clouds observed by a lidar at Rothera, Antarctica (67.5°S, 68.0°W), invited paper in Proceeding of SPIE Lidar Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring VI, vol. 5887, pp. 58870T-1 - 58870T-13, 2005.
2004
Chu, X., G. J. Nott, P. J. Espy, C. S. Gardner, J. C. Diettrich, M. A. Clilverd, and M. J. Jarvis, Lidar observations of polar mesospheric clouds at Rothera, Antarctica (67.5°S, 68.0°W), Geophysical Research Letter, 31, L02114, doi: 10.1029/2003GL018638, 2004. [PDF Reprint]
Plane, J. M. C., B. J. Murray, X. Chu, and C. S. Gardner, Removal of meteoric iron on polar mesospheric clouds, Science, 304, 426-428, 2004. [PDF Reprint]
2003
Chu, X., G. S. Gardner, and R. G. Roble, Lidar studies of interannual, seasonal and diurnal variations of polar mesospheric clouds at the South Pole, Journal of Geophysical Research, 108 (D8), 8447, doi: 10.1029/2002JD002524, 2003. [PDF Reprint]
Chu, X., and C. S. Gardner, Pole-to-Pole: Lidar observations of middle and upper atmosphere temperature and polar mesospheric clouds over the North and South Poles, invited paper in Proceedings of SPIE (The International Society for Optical Engineering): Lidar remote sensing for industry and environment monitoring III, vol. 4893, pp. 223-236, 2003.
Chu, X, C. S. Gardner, and R. G. Roble, Polar mesospheric clouds at the South Pole, Proceedings of SPIE (The International Society for Optical Engineering): Lidar remote sensing for industry and environment monitoring III, vol. 4893, pp. 504-515, 2003.
2002
Chu, X., W. Pan, G. Papen, C. S. Gardner, and J. Gelbwachs, Fe Boltzmann Temperature LIDAR: Design, Error Analysis, and Initial Results at the North and South Poles, Applied Optics, 41, 4400-4410, 2002. . [PDF Reprint]
Drummond, J. D., B. W. Grime, C. S. Gardner, A. Z. Liu, X. Chu, M. C. Kelley, C. Kruschwitz, T. J. Kane, Observations of persistent Leonid meteor trails III: The "Glowworm", Journal of Geophysical Research, 107 (A8), 10.1029/2001JA000223, 2002. [PDF Reprint]
2001
Chu, X., C. S. Gardner, and G. Papen, Lidar observations of polar mesospheric clouds at South Pole: Seasonal variations, Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 1203-1206, 2001. [PDF Reprint]
Chu, X., C. S. Gardner, and G. Papen, Lidar observations of polar mesospheric clouds at South Pole: Diurnal variations, Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 1937-1940, 2001. [PDF Reprint]
Gardner, C. S., G. C. Papen, X. Chu, and W. Pan, First lidar observations of middle atmosphere temperatures, Fe densities, and polar mesospheric clouds over the North and South Poles, Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 1199-1202, 2001. [PDF Reprint]
Drummond, J. D., B. W. Grime, C. S. Gardner, A. Z. Liu, X. Chu, M. C. Kelley, C. Kruschwitz, and T. J. Kane, Observations of persistent Leonid meteor trails I: Advection of the Diamond Ring, Journal of Geophysical Research, 106 (A10), 21517-21524, 2001. [PDF Reprint]
Kruschwitz, C. A., M. C. Kelley, C. S. Gardner, A. Z. Liu, X. Chu, J. D. Drummond, B. W. Grime, W. T. Armstrong, J. M. C. Plane, and P. Jenniskens, Observations of persistent Leonid meteor trails II: Photometry and numerical modeling, Journal of Geophysical Research, 106 (A10), 21525-21541, 2001. [PDF Reprint]
2000
Chu, X., W. Pan, G. Papen, C. S. Gardner, G. Swenson, and P. Jenniskens, Characteristics of Fe ablation trails observed during the 1998 Leonid meteor shower, Geophysical Research Letters, 27, 1807-1810, 2000. [PDF Reprint]
Chu, X., A. Z. Liu, G. Papen, C. S. Gardner, M. Kelley, J. Drummond, and R. Fugate, Lidar observations of elevated temperatures in bright chemiluminescent meteor trails during the 1998 Leonid shower, Geophysical Research Letters, 27, 1815-1818, 2000. [PDF Reprint]
Kelley, M. C., C. S. Gardner, J. Drummond, T. Armstrong, A. Liu, X. Chu, G. Papen, C. Kruschwitz, P. Loughmiller, B. Grime, J. Engelmam, R. Fugate, R. Ruane, First observations of long-lived meteor trains with resonance lidar and other optical instruments, Geophysical Research Letters, 27, 1811-1814, 2000. [PDF Reprint]
Chu, X., C. S. Gardner, W. Pan, and G. Papen, Recent results from the University of Illinois iron Boltzmann temperature lidar, Proceedings of the 20th International Laser Radar Conference, pp. 412-415, Vichy, France, July, 2000.
Before 2000
Chu, X. Z., M. Holzki, R. Alheit, and G. Werth, Observation of high-order motional resonances of an ion cloud in a Paul trap, International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes, 173, 107-112, 1998.
Razvi, M. A. N., X. Z. Chu, R. Alheit, G. Werth and R. Blümel, Fractional frequency collective parametric resonances of an ion cloud in a Paul trap, Physical Review A, 58, Rapid Communications, R34-R37, 1998.
Alheit, R., X. Z. Chu, M. Hoefer, M. Holzki, G. Werth and R. Blümel, Nonlinear collective oscillations of an ion cloud in a Paul trap, Physical Review A, 56, 4023-4031, 1997.
Alt, W., M. Block, V. Schmidt, T. Nakamura, P. Seibert, X. Chu, and G. Werth, Shifts of the 3D-4P transitions in different isotopes of positive Calcium ions, Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, 30, L677-L681, 1997.
Chu, X. Z., S. Q. Liu, and T. Q. Dong, Experimental study of AC Zeeman effect in the 87Rb atomic frequency standard, Acta Physica Sinica (Overseas Edition), 5, 423-430, 1996.
Chu, X. Z., S. Q. Liu, and T. Q. Dong, Microwave power frequency shift in the 87Rb atomic frequency standard, Acta Physica Sinica, 43, 1072-1076, 1994.
RECENT JOURNAL PAPER SUBMISSION
Antakis, V., A. Vouldis, G. Avdikos, A. Papayannis, T. E. Sarris, X. Chu, and E. R. Talaat, Simulation-Based Error Analysis for a Fluorescence Lidar System of the GLEME ESA Mission, submitted to Applied Optics, July 2010.
RECENT CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS
Tan, B., H.-L. Liu, and X. Chu, Studying the "cold pole" problem in WACCM and comparison to lidar temperature morphology, poster at the AGU Fall Meeting 2011 (SA31B-1973), San Francisco, CA, December 7, 2011.
Yamashita, C., H.-L. Liu, and X. Chu, Gravity wave source variations and their impacts on the upper atmosphere during the 2009 stratospheric sudden warming, talk at the AGU Fall Meeting 2011 (SA34A-03), San Francisco, CA, December 7, 2011.
Friedman, J. S., X. Chu, C. G. Brum, S. M. Smith, and J. Yue, Metal atoms observed in the thermosphere over Arecibo, talk at the AGU Fall Meeting 2011 (SA41C-03), San Francisco, CA, December 8, 2011.
Fong, W., X. Chu, Z. Yu, C. Chen, and W. Huang, Diurnal and seasonal variations of temperatures from lower to upper atmosphere at McMurdo, Antarctica in 2011, talk at the AGU Fall Meeting 2011 (SA41C-05), San Francisco, CA, December 8, 2011.
Chu, X., Z. Yu, W. Huang, W. Fong, C. Chen, Z. Wang, J. A. Smith, and C. S. Gardner, Advances of lidar investigation of the middle and upper atmosphere from McMurdo, Antarctica, invited talk at the American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting 2011 (SA44A-03), San Francisco, CA, December 8, 2011.
Yu, Z., X. Chu, W. Huang, and W. Fong, Diurnal variations of meteoric Fe layers in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere at McMurdo (77.8°S, 166.7°E), Antarctica, poster at the AGU Fall Meeting 2011 (SA51A-1909), San Francisco, CA, December 9, 2011.
Chen, C., X. Chu, W. Fong, Z. Yu, A. McDonald, and X. Lu, Lidar and radar investigation of gravity wave characteristics, propagation and dissipation from the stratosphere to the lower thermosphere over McMurdo, Antarctica, poster at the AGU Fall Meeting 2011 (SA51A-1910), San Francisco, CA, December 9, 2011.
Huang, W., X. Chu, Z. Wang, W. Fong, Z. Yu, J. A. Smith and B. Roberts, Simultaneous and common-volume lidar observations of mesospheric Fe and Na layers at Boulder (40°N, 105°W), poster at the AGU Fall Meeting 2011 (SA51B-1946), San Francisco, CA, December 9, 2011.
Dahlke, I., B. Roberts, W. Fong, J. A. Smith, W. Huang, and X. Chu, STAR lidar development, poster at the CEDAR workshop, Boulder, CO, June 22, 2010.
Wang, Z., W. Huang, W. Fong, J. Smith, Z. Yu, B. Roberts, B. Tan, and X. Chu, Fe Boltzmann and Rayleigh temperature lidar for McMurdo Campaign: Refurbishment, upgrade and initial results at Boulder, poster at the CEDAR workshop, Boulder, CO, June 22, 2010.
Tan, B., X. Chu, and C. Yamashita, Correlation of stratopause and mesopause, and temperatures at different altitudes, poster at the CEDAR workshop, Boulder, CO, June 22, 2010.
Friedman, J. S., X. Zhang, X. Chu, and J. M. Forbes, Low-latitude thermal semidiurnal tide: longitudinal and seasonal variations based on ground-based measurements from Arecibo and Maui, space-based measurements by SABER, and modeling with GSWM-02, talk in SPIE Remote Sensing of the Middle and Upper Atmosphere, 23 September 2010.
Tan, B., X. Chu, H.-L. Liu, C. Yamashita, V. L. Harvey, C. S. Gardner, and P. J. Espy, Comparative study of stratopause at the South Pole and Rothera, poster at AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, December 2010.
Yamashita, C., H.-L. Liu, and X. Chu, Gravity wave source variations and their impacts during the 2009 stratospheric sudden warming, poster at AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, December 2010.
Gausa, M., S. Blindheim, J. E. Kristjansson, and X. Chu, Identification of volcanic ash over ALOMAR by lidar during the eruption of Eyjafjallajøkull in Iceland (April 2010), talk at AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, December 2010.
Chu, X., R. Collins, M. Stevens, J. M. C. Plane, et al., Space shuttle impacts on mesospheric clouds and iron layers as observed by lidars and satellites in the Antarctic and Arctic, talk at AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, December 17, 2009.
Huang, W., X. Chu, Z. Wang, B. Roberts, W. Fong, T. Yuan, J. Yue, S. Harrell, and C.-Y. She, Simultaneous wind and temperature measurements in lower atmosphere by a 3-frequency Doppler lidar with a Na double-edge magneto-optic filter, talk at AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, December 16, 2009.
Tan, B., L. Harvey, X. Chu, P. J. Espy, and C. S. Gardner, Comparative study of middle atmosphere temperature at Rothera with lidar and SABER, poster at AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, December 18, 2009.
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