Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences at the University of Colorado Boulder

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Atmospheric Chemistry Program Seminar: Nathan Reed, CU-ANYL Chem

Atmospheric Chemistry Program Seminar: Nathan Reed, CU-ANYL Chem

The Effects of Trace H2S in Laboratory Experiments of Planetary Organic Haze Chemistry

Nathan William Reed,
Tolbert group / Browne group
CU ANYL Dissertation Defense

Planetary organic hazes from methane (CH4) photochemistry and atmospheric sulfur gases are each common in planetary atmospheres, including the Archean Earth and, likely, exoplanetary atmospheres. A planetary organic haze can affect a planet’s radiative forcing and interpretations of observable spectra, as well as act as a source for prebiotic chemistry and nutrients for life. However, cross reactions between inorganic sulfur and organic molecules to form organosulfur have yet to be explored in haze chemistry. The objective of my thesis is to explore the coupling between hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and organic haze chemistry. Here I present the results of laboratory experiments using aerosol mass spectrometry, differential mobility analysis, and optical measurements to explore how trace H2S influences the compositional, physical, and optical properties of aerosol from organic haze analogs produced by CH4 photochemistry. I investigated the chemistry of aerosol formed in reducing (CH4/H2S gas mixtures in N2, varying trace H2S) and weakly reducing (CO2/CH4/H2S gas mixtures in N2, varying CO2) atmospheric conditions.

When I included trace H2S in precursor mixtures, the total organic aerosol mass increased in both conditions, despite H2S not being a carbon source. Moreover, I found evidence for the formation of organic reduced sulfur (ORS) and organic oxidized sulfur (OOS) compounds in the reducing and weakly reducing conditions, respectively. At lower CO2 mixing ratios, I attributed the total sulfate signal to be entirely OOS. Thus, in contrast to previous thought, I show that ORS and OOS are potentially significant atmospheric sulfur reservoirs. Further, I found the compositional changes in the reducing conditions lead to changes in the aerosol optical properties, as the total extinction (absorption plus scattering) of light increased with increasing H2S mixing ratios. I found that trace H2S dramatically influences the organic aerosol composition, mass, and optical properties by the formation of organosulfur (ORS and OOS) compounds and enhancing organic aerosol formation. These results have implications for Archean atmospheric chemistry, prebiotic chemistry, planetary climate, and spectral interpretations for exoplanetary atmospheres.

Thus, future work should consider the potential impacts of trace H2S on organic haze chemistry.

Date

Tuesday, March 14, 2023
11:00 am

Host

  • CIRES
  • CU Boulder

Audience

  • CIRES employees
  • Science collaborators

Type

  • Seminar
  • Open to Public

contact

anne.handschy@colorado.edu

Location

2023-03-14
 
CIRES Town Hall March 2023

CIRES Town Hall March 2023

Join CIRES Director Waleed Abdalati for January 2023's CIRES Town Hall for both campus and NOAA-based employees.

Topic: CIRES Town Hall March 2023 (with browser option) 
Time: Mar 14, 2023 09:00 AM Mountain Time (US and Canada)

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https://cuboulder.zoom.us/j/96848766603

Meeting ID: 968 4876 6603
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Meeting ID: 968 4876 6603

Date

Tuesday, March 14, 2023
9:00 am

Link

Host

  • CIRES

Audience

  • CIRES employees

Type

  • Meeting

Resources

contact

lornay.hansen@colorado.edu

Location

2023-03-14
 
Earth Lab EDS Seminar: Dr. Rodrigo Vieira Leite, NASA GSFC

Earth Lab EDS Seminar: Dr. Rodrigo Vieira Leite, NASA GSFC

Location: ZOOM + 372A & B (VizStudio), SEEC, University of Colorado Boulder
Title: Fuel Characterization Using Remote Sensing In Support Of Large-Scale Wildfire Management In The Cerrado Biome
Speaker: Dr. Rodrigo Vieira Leite, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

Abstract:
Cerrado is the most biodiverse tropical savanna in the world characterized by a range of vegetation structures from grasslands to forests. However, Cerrado’s stability has been threatened by anthropogenic changes in the fire regime. Managing fuels is one of the most important options we have for reducing wildfire’s negative impacts on society and the environment and amplifying positive ones on fire-dependent flora. Large areas such as Cerrado often require remote sensors to characterize fuels, especially those on-board space-based platforms. Even though spaceborne sensors have been around for over 50 years, new opportunities arise with recently launched sensors with unprecedented characteristics. Yet, Cerrado fuel properties and their potential to be characterized with the new generation of sensors are still little studied. In this project proximal and near-surface approaches as a step forward to scale-up Cerrado fuel properties are presented. The project is divided into three parts, where: i) fuel moisture content is predicted using leaf spectroscopy and machine learning algorithms, ii) fuel load is predicted for the whole Cerrado extent using lidar data collected from unoccupied aerial vehicles and the recently launched GEDI spaceborne lidar sensor and iii) a review of the novel spaceborne remote sensors with potential to be used for fuel characterization and the main fuel-related variables for integrated fire management is presented. The results showed the applicability of spectroscopy and lidar data together with machine learning to retrieve important fuel characteristics for fire management. With the increasing availability of data from sensors with new technologies and capabilities, which allow the upscaling of information collected in the field, it is suggested that we are facing a new era for the mapping and monitoring of fuels, which is essential for the development of integrated fire management programs aiming at preserving the Cerrado biome and similar ecosystems worldwide.

Speaker Bio:
Rodrigo Leite is currently a NASA Postdoctoral Program fellow at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center working in the Biospheric Sciences Laboratory. His research interests include empirical modeling of vegetation traits and the use of remote sensing for forest management, monitoring and conservation. His current project involves investigating the effects of fragmentation and disturbances in carbon stock of tropical forests.

~~~ EDS Seminar Series General Information ~~~ 
COVID Safety Protocols: We follow all CU Boulder campus guidelines for COVID-19. 
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Upcoming Agenda of Events

Date

Tuesday, March 14, 2023
11:00 am
Mountain

Link

Host

  • Earth Lab

Audience

  • CIRES employees
  • CIRES families
  • CU Boulder employees
  • General Public
  • NOAA employees
  • Science collaborators

Type

  • Seminar
  • Open to Public

Resources

contact

Casey Jenson

Location

SEEC 372 A&B
2023-03-14