Maxwell T. Boykoff
Research Interests
Maxwell Boykoff is the Director of the Center for Science and Technology Policy Research, which is part of the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences at the University of Colorado Boulder. He also is an Associate Professor in the Environmental Studies program and is Adjunct faculty in the Geography Department. In addition, Max is a Senior Visiting Research Associate in the Environmental Change Institute at the University of Oxford. He holds a Ph.D. in Environmental Studies from the University of California-Santa Cruz and Bachelor of Sciences in Psychology from The Ohio State University.
Max has ongoing interests in cultural politics and environmental governance, science and environmental communications, science-policy interactions, political economy and the environment, and climate adaptation He has experience working in North America, Central America, South Asia, Oceania and Europe, and is a co-author and editor of seven books and edited volumes, along with over fifty articles and book chapters.
Max’s research and creative work has developed primarily in two arenas:
- cultural politics of science, climate change and environmental issues = this refers to ways that attitudes, intentions, beliefs and behaviors of individuals and groups shape (and are shaped by) the perceived spectrum of possible action in the context of science-policy, climate change and environmental issues.
- transformations of carbon-based economies and societies (with emphasis on the interface of science and practical action) = this refers to decarbonization politics, policies and decision-making, with particular interest in how these activities find meaning in people’s everyday lives, as well as how they, in turn, feed back into science-policy decision-making.
Max integrates these research and creative works with ongoing commitments to mentorship, teaching and service. He supervises postdocs, graduate and undergraduate students through the International Collective on Environment, Culture and Politics. See Max’s ‘current/former students’ page for more about their research and current positions.
Max was born and raised in Madison, Wisconsin. He is proud to be a Badger.
Max Boykoff's research has concentrated on interactions between state and non-state actors at the interface of environmental science, policy and practice. He has been working in two primary research areas:
- cultural politics of science, climate change and environmental issues = this refers to ways that attitudes, intentions, beliefs and behaviors of individuals and groups shape (and are shaped by) the perceived spectrum of possible action in the context of science-policy, climate change and environmental issues.
- transformations of carbon-based economies and societies (with emphasis on the interface of science and practical action) = this refers to decarbonization politics, policies and decision-making, with particular interest in how these activities find meaning in people’s everyday lives, as well as how they, in turn, feed back into science-policy decision-making.
As a few examples of his research in ‘cultural politics and climate change’:
- His most recent book is called Creative (Climate) Communications: Productive Pathways for Science, Policy and Society(released July 2019) with Cambridge University Press. Conversations about climate change at the science-policy interface and in our lives have been stuck for some time. This handbook integrates lessons from the social sciences and humanities to more effectively make connections through issues, people, and things that everyday citizens care about. Readers will come away with an enhanced understanding that there is no 'silver bullet' to communications about climate change; instead, a 'silver buckshot' approach is needed, where strategies effectively reach different audiences in different contexts. This tactic can then significantly improve efforts that seek meaningful, substantive, and sustained responses to contemporary climate challenges. It can also help to effectively recapture a common or middle ground on climate change in the public arena. Readers will come away with ideas on how to harness creativity to better understand what kinds of communications work where, when, why, and under what conditions in the twenty-first century.
- His 2011 book is called Who Speaks for Climate? Making sense of media reporting on climate change (released November 2011), with Cambridge University Press. This book works to make sense of how media representations of climate change influence the spectrum of possible responses to modern climate challenges. It is motivated by conditions in this 21st century where people rely more than ever upon media representations to help interpret and make sense of the many complexities relating to climate science and governance. Media representations – from news to entertainment – are powerful and important links between people’s everyday realities and experiences, and the ways in which these are discussed at a distance between science, policy and public actors. A dynamic mix of influences – from internal workings of mass media such as journalistic norms, institutional values and practices, to external political economic, cultural, and social factors – shape what becomes climate ‘news’ or ‘information’. Amid these spaces of meaning-making reside questions regarding who – through media visibility – translates climate science and governance, as well as how.
- Max Boykoff and the MeCCO team monitors 96 sources (across newspapers, radio and TV) in 43 countries in seven different regions around the world. The MeCCO team then assembles the data by accessing archives through the Lexis Nexis, Proquest and Factiva databases via the University of Colorado libraries. To view the latest graph see 2004-2019 World Newspaper Coverage of Climate Change or Global Warming (updated monthly). Country level profiles have now expanded to include datasets and figures for Australia, Canada, Germany, India, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States, International Wire Services, Europe, Latin America, Radio, and US Television.
For two examples of his research on the ‘transformations of carbon-based economies and societies’:
- Max co-authored a 2010 Global Environmental Change article with Dr. David Frame (University of Oxford) and Dr. Sam Randalls (University College London). This article interrogated the institutionalization of the discourse of "climate stabilization" over the last three decades. Taking a historical perspective, they argue that while this discourse has been valuable in making climate science legible and useful to governance in the past, it is now limiting wider considerations for alternative mitigation efforts, through premature foreclosure around fixed international policies.
- He has increasingly worked on issues of climate adaptation and urban environments in the Indian context. With Dr. Emily Boyd (University of Reading), he has examined adaptation strategies associated with flood events in Mumbai, India. Such work links with some of Max’s past research that examined vulnerability and livelihood issues in relation to global climate change and extreme events in Honduras.
Current Courses
- ENVS 1000 Introduction to Environmental Studies
- ENVS 2100 Political Economy and the Environment
- ENVS 3100 Inside the Greenhouse
- ENVS 3173/THTR 4173 Creative Climate Communications
- ENVS/GEOG 3022 Climate Change Politics & Policy
- ENVS 4800 Culture, Politics and Climate Change
- ENVS/GEOG 5100 Climate Politics & Science-Policy
- ENVS 5720 The Problem Orientation
- ENVS 5909 Doing Political Ecology
- FYSM 1000 Science & Environmental Communication
Books
Creative (Climate) Communications
by Maxwell T. Boykoff
Culture, Politics and Climate Change
Edited by Deserai A. Crow and Maxwell T. Boykoff
Successful Adaptation to Climate Change
Edited by Susanne Moser and Maxwell Boykoff
Routledge
May 2013
The New Carbon Economy: Constitution, Governance, and Contestation
Edited by Peter Newell, Maxwell Boykoff, and Emily Boyd
Wiley-Blackwell
January 2012
Who Speaks for Climate? Making Sense of Media Reporting on Climate Change
by Maxwell Boykoff
Cambridge University Press
September 2011
Edited by Michael K. Goodman, Maxwell T. Boykoff, and Kyle T. Evered
May 2008
Current Research
- Through the Media and Climate Change Observatory, colleagues and I monitor media coverage of climate change at various scales, updated monthly. We have established and maintain appraisals of 82 sources across 40 countries around the world and monitor country-level coverage in Australia, Canada, Germany, India, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In addition, through collaborations with Rogelio Fernandez-Reyes in Spain, and Midori Aoyagi-Usui and Shoko Yamaguchi in Japan, we maintain country-level counts there as well. As offshoots from this work, we work with many partners (e.g., Lancet Countdown on climate change and health issues) and we have produced a number of related reports and journal articles.
- With colleagues Beth Osnes (Theater Department) and Rebecca Safran (Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department) we run a multi-faceted project called ‘Inside the Greenhouse’. This project works to deepen our understanding of how issues associated with climate change are/can be communicated, by creating artifacts through interactive theatre, film, fine art, performance art, television programming, and appraising as well as extracting effective methods for multimodal climate communication. We also seek to build competence and confidence in the students with whom we work. The project effectively fosters a deliberative space for CU Boulder students to experiment with creative climate communications and build capacity for more systematic, capable and effective environmental communication strategies. As part of this project we teach numerous courses and produce seasonal events and various research outputs.
Projects
A Note for Prospective Graduate Students
If you are considering applying to the Environmental Studies Program at the University of Colorado and would like to work with me, please send an email with these three attachments:
- A C.V.
- A description of why you’d like to enroll in the Environmental Studies program, and work in my research group
- A statement about how your research interests may relate to one of these two research projects (where I am currently interested in advising students):


Max Boykoff speaking at side event at the United Nations Conference of Parties meeting on climate change (COP22) in Marrakech, Morocco. Photo: Gregg Walker
View Publications
- Almiron, N; Boykoff, M; Narberhaus, M; Heras, F (2020), Dominant counter-frames in influential climate contrarian European think tanks. Version: 1 CLIMATIC CHANGE 162 (4) 2003-2020, issn: 0165-0009, doi: 10.1007/s10584-020-02820-4
- Boykoff, M; Oonk, D (2020), Evaluating the perils and promises of academic climate advocacy. Version: 1 CLIMATIC CHANGE 163 (1) 27-41, issn: 0165-0009, doi: 10.1007/s10584-018-2339-3
- Ghosh, A; Boykoff, M (2019), Framing sustainability and climate change: Interrogating discourses in vernacular and English-language media in Sundarbans, India. Version: 1 GEOFORUM 99 142-153, issn: 0016-7185, doi: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.11.014
- Wibeck, V; Linner, BO; Alves, M; Asplund, T; Bohman, A; Boykoff, MT; Feetham, PM; Huang, Y; Nascimento, J; Rich, J; Rocha, CY; Vaccarino, F; Xian, S (2019), Stories of Transformation: A Cross-Country Focus Group Study on Sustainable Development and Societal Change. Version: 1 SUSTAINABILITY 11 (8) , Art. No. 2427, issn: 2071-1050, doi: 10.3390/su11082427
- Osnes, B., M. Boykoff, and P. Chandler (2019), Good-natured comedy to enrich climate communication. Comedy Studies Version: 1, doi: 10.1080/2040610X.2019.1623513
- Boykoff, M; Osnes, B (2019), A Laughing matter? Confronting climate change through humor. Version: 1 POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY 68 154-163, issn: 0962-6298, doi: 10.1016/j.polgeo.2018.09.006
- Boykoff, M. and O. Pearman (2019), Now or Never: How Media Coverage of the IPCC Special Report on 1.5C Shaped Climate-Action Deadlines. One Earth Version: 1 1 (3) , doi: 10.1016/j.oneear.2019.10.026
- Watts, N; Amann, M; Arnell, N; Ayeb-Karlsson, S; Belesova, K; Boykoff, M; Byass, P; Cai, WJ; Campbell-Lendrum, D; Capstick, S; Chambers, J; Dalin, C; Daly, M; Dasandi, N; Davies, M; Drummond, P; Dubrow, R; Ebi, KL; Eckelman, M; Ekins, P; Escobar, LE; Montoya, LF; Georgeson, L; Graham, H; Haggar, P; Hamilton, I; Hartinger, S; Hess, J; Kelman, I; Kiesewetter, G; Kjellstrom, T; Kniveton, D; Lemke, B; Liu, Y; Lott, M; Lowe, R; Sewe, MO; Martinez-Urtaza, J; Maslin, M; McAllister, L; McGushin, A; Mikhaylov, SJ; Milner, J; Moradi-Lakeh, M; Morrissey, K; Murray, K; Munzert, S; Nilsson, M; Neville, T; Oreszczyn, T; Owfi, F; Pearman, O; Pencheon, D; Phung, D; Pye, S; Quinn, R; Rabbaniha, M; Robinson, E; Rocklov, J; Semenza, JC; Sherman, J; Shumake-Guillemot, J; Tabatabaei, M; Taylor, J; Trinanes, J; Wilkinson, P; Costello, A; Gong, P; Montgomery, H (2019), The 2019 report of The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: ensuring that the health of a child born today is not defined by a changing climate. Version: 1 LANCET 394 (10211) 1836-1878, issn: 0140-6736, doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32596-6, PubMed ID: 31733928
- Watts, N, M Amann, N Arnell, S Ayeb-Karlsson, K Belesova, H Berry, T Bouley, M Boykoff, P Byass, WJ Cai, D Campbell-Lendrum, J Chambers, M Daly, N Dasandi, M Davies, A Depoux, P Dominguez-Salas, P Drummond, KL Ebi, P Ekins, LF Montoya, H Fischer, L Georgeson, D Grace, H Graham, I Hamilton, S Hartinger, J Hess, I Kelman, G Kiesewetter, T Kjellstrom, D Kniveton, B Lemke, L Liang, M Lott, R Lowe, MO Sewe, J Martinez-Urtaza, M Maslin, L McAllister, SJ Mikhaylov, J Milner, M Moradi-Lakeh, K Morrissey, K Murray, M Nilsson, T Neville, T Oreszczyn, F Owfi, O Pearman, D Pencheon, S Pye, M Rabbaniha, E Robinson, J Rocklov, O Saxer, S Schutte, JC Semenza, J Shumake-Guillemot, R Steinbach, M Tabatabaei, J Tomei, J Trinanes, N Wheeler, P Wilkinson, P Gong, H Montgomery and A Costello (2018), The 2018 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: shaping the health of nations for centuries to come. Lancet Version: 1 392 (10163) 2479-2514, issn: 0140-6736, ids: HD5RO, doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32594-7, PubMed ID: 30503045
- Watts, N, M Amann, S Ayeb-Karlsson, K Belesova, T Bouley, M Boykoff, P Byass, WJ Cai, D Campbell-Lendrum, J Chambers, PM Cox, M Daly, N Dasandi, M Davies, M Depledge, A Depoux, P Dominguez-Salas, P Drummond, P Ekins, A Flahault, H Frumkin, L Georgeson, M Ghanei, D Grace, H Graham, R Grojsman, A Haines, I Hamilton, S Hartinger, A Johnson, I Kelman, G Kiesewetter, D Kniveton, L Liang, M Lott, R Lowe, G Mace, MO Sewe, M Maslin, S Mikhaylov, J Milner, AM Latifi, M Moradi-Lakeh, K Morrissey, K Murray, T Neville, M Nilsson, T Oreszczyn, F Owfi, D Pencheon, S Pye, M Rabbaniha, E Robinson, J Rocklov, S Schutte, J Shumake-Guillemot, R Steinbach, M Tabatabaei, N Wheeler, P Wilkinson, P Gong, H Montgomery and A Costello (2018), The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: from 25 years of inaction to a global transformation for public health. Lancet Version: 1 391 (10120) 581-630, issn: 0140-6736, ids: FV5VB, doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32464-9, PubMed ID: 29096948
- Leon, B; Boykoff, M; Huda, J; Rodrigo, C (2018), Framing in Climate Change Videos. Version: 1 COMMUNICATING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY THROUGH ONLINE VIDEO: RESEARCHING A NEW MEDIA PHENOMENON 107-119, Ed. Leon, B; Bourk, M, isbn: 978-1-351-05458-4; 978-1-138-48349-1
- Boykoff, M (2018), Rising: Dispatches from the New American Shore. Nat. Clim. Chang. Version: 1 8 (10) 853-853, issn: 1758-678X, ids: GV2NO, doi: 10.1038/s41558-018-0288-5
- Fischhendler, I, D Boymel and MT Boykoff (2016), How Competing Securitized Discourses over Land Appropriation Are Constructed: The Promotion of Solar Energy in the Israeli Desert. Environ. Commun. Version: 1 10 (2) 147-168, issn: 1752-4032, ids: DE5DN, doi: 10.1080/17524032.2014.979214
- Boykoff, MT (2016), CONSENSUS AND CONTRARIANISM ON CLIMATE CHANGE HOW THE USA CASE INFORMS DYNAMICS ELSEWHERE. Metode Sci. Stud. J. Version: 1(6) 89-95, issn: 2174-3487, ids: DK5OE, doi: 10.7203/metode.85.4182
- Goodman, MK, J Littler, D Brockington and M Boykoff (2016), Spectacular environmentalisms: media, knowledge and the framing of ecological politics. Environ. Commun. Version: 1 10 (6) 677-688, issn: 1752-4032, ids: EI4UM, doi: 10.1080/17524032.2016.1219489
- Boykoff, M. T. and G. Luedecke (2016), Elite News Coverage of Climate Change. Oxford Res. Encycl. Clim. Sci. Version: 1, doi: 10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.357
- Boykoff, M (2016), Climate Change as Social Drama: Global Warming in the Public Sphere.. Am. J. Sociol. Version: 1 122 (1) 299-301, issn: 0002-9602, ids: DR8DS, doi: 10.1086/686044
- Fischhendler, I, G Cohen-Blankshtain, Y Shuali and M Boykoff (2015), Communicating mega-projects in the face of uncertainties: Israeli mass media treatment of the Dead Sea Water Canal. Public Underst. Sci. Version: 1 24 (7) 794-810, issn: 0963-6625, ids: CQ5EE, doi: 10.1177/0963662513512440, PubMed ID: 24357623
- ONeill, S, HTP Williams, T Kurz, B Wiersma and M Boykoff (2015), Dominant frames in legacy and social media coverage of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report. Nat. Clim. Chang. Version: 1 5 (4) 380-+, issn: 1758-678X, ids: CE5AM, doi: 10.1038/nclimate2535
- Gold, AU, DJ Oonk, L Smith, MT Boykoff, B Osnes and SB Sullivan (2015), Lens on Climate Change: Making Climate Meaningful Through Student-Produced Videos. J. Geogr. Version: 1 114 (6) 235-246, issn: 0022-1341, ids: CZ8DB, doi: 10.1080/00221341.2015.1013974
- Anderegg, WRL, ES Callaway, MT Boykoff, G Yohe and TL Root (2014), AWARENESS OF BOTH TYPE 1 AND 2 ERRORS IN CLIMATE SCIENCE AND ASSESSMENT. Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. Version: 1 95 (9) 1445-1451, issn: 0003-0007, ids: AS7MY, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00115.1
- Suarez, P, JM de Suarez, B Koelle and M Boykoff (2014), Serious fun Scaling up community-based adaptation through experiential learning. Version: 1 COMMUNITY-BASED ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE: SCALING IT UP 136-151, Ed. Schipper, ELF; Ayers, J; Reid, H; Huq, S; Rahman, A, ids: BA2EB, isbn: 978-0-415-62370-4; 978-0-203-10506-1; 978-0-415-62
- Bailey, A, L Giangola and MT Boykoff (2014), How Grammatical Choice Shapes Media Representations of Climate (Un)certainty. Environ. Commun. Version: 1 8 (2) 197-215, issn: 1752-4032, ids: AH2HO, doi: 10.1080/17524032.2014.906481
- Liverman, D, SC Moser, PS Weiland, L Dilling, MT Boykoff, HE Brown, ES Gordon, C Greene, E Holthaus, DA Niemeier, S Pincetl, WJ Steenburgh and VC Tidwell (2013), Climate Choices for a Sustainable Southwest. Version: 1 ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE SOUTHWEST UNITED STATES: A REPORT PREPARED FOR THE NATIONAL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT 405-435, Ed. Garfin, G; Jardine, A; Merideth, R; Black, M; LeRoy, S, ids: BA8DA, isbn: 978-1-61091-484-0; 978-1-59726-420-4, doi: 10.5822/978-1-61091-484-0_18
- Boykoff, MT (2013), Public Enemy No. 1?: Understanding Media Representations of Outlier Views on Climate Change. Am. Behav. Sci. Version: 1 57 (6) 796-817, issn: 0002-7642, ids: 201BC, doi: 10.1177/0002764213476846
- Boykoff, M. T. and S. K. Olson (2013), ‘Wise contrarians’: a keystone species in contemporary climate science, politics and policy. Celebrity Studies Version: 1 4 (3) 276-291, doi: 10.1080/19392397.2013.831618
- ONeill, SJ, M Boykoff, S Niemeyer and SA Day (2013), On the use of imagery for climate change engagement. Glob. Environ. Change-Human Policy Dimens. Version: 1 23 (2) 413-421, issn: 0959-3780, ids: 135YV, doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.11.006
- Boykoff, MT and T Yulsman (2013), Political economy, media, and climate change: sinews of modern life. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.-Clim. Chang. Version: 1 4 (5) 359-371, issn: 1757-7780, ids: 201UV, doi: 10.1002/wcc.233
- Boykoff, MT (2012), Digitally Enabled Social Change: Activism in the Internet Age. Contemp. Sociol.-J. Rev. Version: 1 41 (4) 486-487, issn: 0094-3061, ids: 965IC, doi: 10.1177/0094306112449614h
- Rick, UK, MT Boykoff and RA Pielke (2011), Effective media reporting of sea level rise projections: 1989-2009. Environ. Res. Lett. Version: 1 6 (1) , Art. No. 14004, issn: 1748-9326, ids: 746RE, doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/6/1/014004
- Boykoff, MT, D Frame and S Randalls (2010), Discursive stability meets climate instability: A critical exploration of the concept of climate stabilization in contemporary climate policy. Glob. Environ. Change-Human Policy Dimens. Version: 1 20 (1) 53-64, issn: 0959-3780, ids: 557MF, doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2009.09.003
- Boykoff, M (2010), Turning down the heat: the politics of climate policy in affluent democracies. Environ. Plan. C-Gov. Policy Version: 1 28 (3) 569-570, issn: 0263-774X, ids: 625LU
- Knight, J, C Caseldine and MT Boykoff (2010), Why We Disagree About Climate Change. Understanding Controversy, Inaction and Opportunity.. Geogr. J. Version: 1 176 267-269, issn: 0016-7398, ids: 635CW, doi: 10.1111/j.1475-4959.2010.00371.x
- ONeill, SJ and M Boykoff (2010), Climate denier, skeptic, or contrarian?. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. Version: 1 107 (39) E151-E151, issn: 0027-8424, ids: 655AA, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1010507107, PubMed ID: 20807754
- Bottrill, C, D Liverman and M Boykoff (2010), Carbon soundings: greenhouse gas emissions of the UK music industry. Environ. Res. Lett. Version: 1 5 (1) , Art. No. 14019, issn: 1748-9326, ids: 575VR, doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/5/1/014019
- Hulme, M, M Boykoff, J Gupta, T Heyd, J Jaeger, D Jamieson, MC Lemos, K O'Brien, T Roberts, J Rockstrom and C Vogel (2009), Conference Covered Climate from All Angles. Science Version: 1 324 (5929) 881-882, issn: 0036-8075, ids: 445KD
- Boykoff, M (2009), El caso del cambio climático: los medios y la comunicación científica científica. Infoamérica Version: 1 Agosto-Diciembre 117-127
- Boykoff, M. (2009), Los medios y la comunicación científica. Infoamérica Version: 1 1 117-127
- Boykoff, MT (2009), We Speak for the Trees: Media Reporting on the Environment. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. Version: 1 34 431-457, issn: 1543-5938, ids: 523NW, isbn: 978-0-8243-2334-9, doi: 10.1146/annurev.environ.051308.084254
- Boykoff, MT (2008), The cultural politics of climate change discourse in UK tabloids. Polit. Geogr. Version: 1 27 (5) 549-569, issn: 0962-6298, ids: 349JQ, doi: 10.1016/j.polgeo.2008.05.002
- Boykoff, M. (2008), The Real Swindle. Nature Reports Climate Change Version: 1 2 (2) 31-32, doi: 10.1038/climate.2008.14
- Boykoff, MT and M Mansfield (2008), 'Ye Olde Hot Aire'*: reporting on human contributions to climate change in the UK tabloid press. Environ. Res. Lett. Version: 1 3 (2) , Art. No. 24002, issn: 1748-9326, ids: 319PX, doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/3/2/024002
- Boykoff, MT (2007), Flogging a dead norm? Newspaper coverage of anthropogenic climate change in the United States and United Kingdom from 2003 to 2006. Area Version: 1 39 (4) 470-481, issn: 0004-0894, ids: 232NA, doi: 10.1111/j.1475-4762.2007.00769.x
- Boykoff, MT (2007), From convergence to contention: United States mass media representations of anthropogenic climate change science. Trans. Inst. Br. Geogr. Version: 1 32 (4) 477-489, issn: 0020-2754, ids: 227PY, doi: 10.1111/j.1475-5661.2007.00270.x
- Khalsa, SJS, MB Dyurgerov, T Khromova, BH Raup and RG Barry (2004), Space-based mapping of glacier changes using ASTER and GIS tools. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. Version: 1 23rd International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2003) 42 (10) 2177-2183, TOULOUSE, FRANCE, JUL 21-25, 2003, issn: 0196-2892, ids: 863ZP, doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2004.834636