Robert E. Sievers

Position

Professor of Chemistry, emeritus

Past CIRES Director

1980 to 1993

Research Group

Global Health Group

Department

Chemistry

Education

Ph.D., University of Illinois, 1960

Contact

303-492-7943

Bob.Sievers@Colorado.EDU

Location

Ekeley W281B

Research Interests

For more than 40 years the Sievers research group has conducted fundamental and applied studies in the areas of environmental and analytical chemistry. More recently the group has researched the formation of nanoparticle and microparticle aerosols and has developed innovative methods for synthesis, purification, characterization of useful materials. Carbon dioxide-assisted nebulization provides superior aerosols.

Professor Sievers is collaborating with medical professionals and engineers to develop new methods for delivery of aerosol particles useful in direct and painless administration of therapeutic drugs and vaccines by inhalation and by sublingual delivery. The drugs are dissolved or suspended in supercritical fluids, and unusually small aerosol particles are formed by rapid decompression to facilitate delivery of the aerosol particles to the alveoli and to allow rapid uptake by the lungs and respiratory tracts. Formation of fine aerosols is expected to become increasingly important in the treatment or vaccination against corona viruses, measles, influenza, infections, stress, COPD, and asthma.

Current Research

Development of needle-free and water-free inhalable dry powder aerosol vaccines and pharmaceutical treatments, including cannabinoids from hemp
Substantial effort is directed toward inhalable dry powder aerosol vaccines and pharmaceuticals that require no needle, no purified water for reconstitution, and no electricity or batteries for delivery, which makes them especially useful in developing countries. The Sievers group has published about 200 journal articles and books cited by over 5000 other research groups. He and his colleagues have been awarded about 40 U.S. and foreign patents. Professor Sievers led a team as Principle Investigator of inhalable vaccines funded by FNIH through the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation in the Grand Challenges in Global Health Initiative.

There is also interest in our Carbon Dioxide Assisted Nebulization with a Bubble Dryer (CAN-BD), to produce aerosol microparticles small enough (1-5 microns aerodynamic diameter) for cannabinoids to be distributed throughout the moist respiratory tracts of humans and test animals in which diseases can be prevented or alleviated. CBD (cannabidiol) for example may alleviate severe COVID-19. The Sievers research group also manages an experimental hemp plot in East Boulder County to study new cultivars and to develop and improve processing and extraction technologies.

Publications

Click here for list of publications

Robert Sievers demonstrates easy vaccination by inhalation of dry powder aerosol vaccines in a needle-free inhaler that he co-invented. Photo credit: Glen Asakawa/CU Boulder

Honors and Awards

Tswett Chromatography Medallist, 1981
American Chemical Society Colorado Section Award, 1985
Dimick Award in Chromatography, 1992
Thomas Jefferson Award, 2001
Robert Stearns Award, 2003
Pinnacle of Inventorship Award, 2004
ACS Astellas Prize in Public Health, 2008
Governor's Award for Research Impact, 2009

View Publications

Lin, WHW; Moran, E; Adams, RJ; Sievers, RE; Hauer, D; Godin, S; Griffin, DE. (Apr 2020). A durable protective immune response to wild-type measles virus infection of macaques is due to viral replication and spread in lymphoid tissues. SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE , 12(537). 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax7799
Manion, JR, SP Cape, DH McAdams, LG Rebits, S Evans and RE Sievers. (Jan 2012). Inhalable Antibiotics Manufactured Through Use of Near-Critical or Supercritical Fluids. AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY , 46(4). 10.1080/02786826.2011.634453
Lin, WH, DE Griffin, PA Rota, M Papania, SP Cape, D Bennett, B Quinn, RE Sievers, C Shermer, K Powell, RJ Adams, S Godin and S Winston. (Feb 2011). Successful respiratory immunization with dry powder live-attenuated measles virus vaccine in rhesus macaques. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA , 108(7). 10.1073/pnas.1017334108
Kisich, KO, MP Higgins, I Park, SP Cape, L Lindsay, DJ Bennett, S Winston, J Searles and RE Sievers. (Jan 2011). Dry powder measles vaccine: Particle deposition, virus replication, and immune response in cotton rats following inhalation. VACCINE , 29(5). 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.10.020
Sievers RE; Sievers EL; Searles JA; Cape SP; McAdams DH; Burger JL; Manion JR; Griffin D; Lin W-H; Rota P. (Jan 2009). Are unit-dose dry powder vaccines intrinsically safer than liquid vaccines?. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology , 61, A163-A163.
Kissmann, J, SF Ausar, A Rudolph, C Braun, SP Cape, RE Sievers, MJ Federspiel, SB Joshi and CR Middaugh. (Dec 2008). Stabilization of measles virus for vaccine formulation. HUMAN VACCINES , 4(5). 10.4161/hv.4.5.5863
Cape, SP, JA Villa, ETS Huang, TH Yang, JF Carpenter and RE Sievers. (Sep 2008). Preparation of Active Proteins, Vaccines and Pharmaceuticals as Fine Powders using Supercritical or Near-Critical Fluids. PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH , 25(9). 10.1007/s11095-008-9575-6
Burger, JL, SP Cape, CS Braun, DH Mcadams, JA Best, P Bhagwat, P Pathak, LG Rebits and RE Sievers. (Mar 2008). Stabilizing formulations for inhalable powders of live-attenuated measles virus vaccine. JOURNAL OF AEROSOL MEDICINE AND PULMONARY DRUG DELIVERY , 21(1). 10.1089/jamp.2007.0658
Rebits, LG, DJ Bennett, PA Bhagwat, A Morin and RE Sievers. (Dec 2007). Method for quantifying the sample collected by an Andersen Cascade Impactor using total organic carbon analysis. JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE , 38(12). 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2007.09.005
Sievers RE; Quinn BP; Cape SP; Searles JA; Braun CS; Bhagwat P; Rebits LG; McAdams DH; Burger JL; Best JA. (Oct 2007). Near-critical fluid micronization of stabilized vaccines, antibiotics and anti-virals. Journal of Supercritical Fluids , 42(3), 385-391. 10.1016/j.supflu.2007.03.001
Villa, JA, ETS Huang, SP Cape and RE Sievers. (Jun 2005). Synthesis of composite microparticles with a mixing cross. AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY , 39(6). 10.1080/027868290964432
Sievers, RE, ETS Huang, JA Villa, G Engling and PR Brauer. (May 2003). Micronization of water-soluble or alcohol-soluble pharmaceuticals and model compounds with a low-temperature Bubble Dryer (R). JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS , 26(1). 10.1016/S0896-8446(02)00188-2
Huang, ETS, H Chang, CD Liang and RE Sievers. (Jan 2003). Fine particle pharmaceutical manufacturing using dense carbon dioxide mixed with aqueous or alcoholic solutions. SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE: SEPARATIONS AND PROCESSES , 860.
Andersen, WC, BC Noll, SP Sellers, LL Whildin and RE Sievers. (Jul 2002). Characterization and structures of the 2,2,7-trimethyl-3,5-octanedionate chelates of cerium(IV) and terbium(III). INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA , 336. 10.1016/S0020-1693(02)00873-3
Andersen, WC, RE Sievers, AF Lagalante and TJ Bruno. (Dec 2001). Solubilities of cerium(IV), terbium(III), and iron(III) ss-diketonates in supercritical carbon dioxide. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA , 46(5). 10.1021/je000257c
Sievers, RE, ETS Huang, JA Villa, JK Kawamoto, MM Evans and PR Brauer. (Aug 2001). Low-temperature manufacturing of fine pharmaceutical powders with supercritical fluid aerosolization in a Bubble Dryer (R). PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY , 73(8). 10.1351/pac200173081299
Sellers, SP, GS Clark, RE Sievers and JF Carpenter. (Jun 2001). Dry powders of stable protein formulations from aqueous solutions prepared using supercritical CO2-assisted aerosolization. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES , 90(6). 10.1002/jps.1032
Sievers, RE, PD Milewski, SP Sellers, BA Miles, BJ Korte, KD Kusek, GS Clark, B Mioskowski and JA Villa. (Dec 2000). Supercritical and near-critical carbon dioxide assisted low-temperature bubble drying. INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH , 39(12). 10.1021/ie000190m
Sievers, RE, U Karst, PD Milewski, SP Sellers, BA Miles, JD Schaefer, CR Stoldt and CY Xu. (Jan 1999). Formation of aqueous small droplet aerosols assisted by supercritical carbon dioxide. AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY , 30(1). 10.1080/027868299304840
Frazey, PA, RM Barkley and RE Sievers. (Feb 1998). Solid phase microextraction with temperature-programmed desorption for the analysis of iodination disinfection byproducts. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY , 70(3). 10.1021/ac970395d
Xu, CY, BA Watkins, RE Sievers, XP Jing, P Trowga, CS Gibbons and A Vecht. (Sep 1997). Submicron-sited spherical yttrium oxide based phosphors prepared by supercritical CO2-assisted aerosolization and pyrolysis. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS , 71(12). 10.1063/1.120004
Veltkamp, PR, KJ Hansen, RM Barkley and RE Sievers. (Aug 1996). Principal component analysis of summertime organic aerosols at Niwot Ridge, Colorado. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES , 101(D14). 10.1029/95JD01749
Veltkamp, PR, KJ Hansen, RM Barkley and RE Sievers. (Jun 1996). Chromatographic measurement of molecular markers of sources of atmospheric aerosol particles. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH , 18(2). 10.1007/BF01771135
LAGALANTE, AF, BN HANSEN, TJ BRUNO and RE SIEVERS. (Nov 1995). SOLUBILITIES OF COPPER(II) AND CHROMIUM(III) BETA-DIKETONATES IN SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY , 34(23). 10.1021/ic00127a015
BUHR, SM, MP BUHR, FC FEHSENFELD, JS HOLLOWAY, U KARST, RB NORTON, DD PARRISH and RE SIEVERS. (Oct 1995). DEVELOPMENT OF A SEMICONTINUOUS METHOD FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF NITRIC-ACID VAPOR AND PARTICULATE NITRATE AND SULFATE. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT , 29(19). 10.1016/1352-2310(95)00171-T
HANSEN, KJ, BN NANSEN, E CRAVENS and RE SIEVERS. (Oct 1995). SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS IN ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY , 67(19). 10.1021/ac00115a025
DUNHAM, AJ, RM BARKLEY and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1995). AQUEOUS NITRITE ION DETERMINATION BY SELECTIVE REDUCTION AND GAS-PHASE NITRIC-OXIDE CHEMILUMINESCENCE. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY , 67(1). 10.1021/ac00097a033
RYERSON, TB, AJ DUNHAM, RM BARKLEY and RE SIEVERS. (Sep 1994). SULFUR-SELECTIVE DETECTOR FOR LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY BASED ON SULFUR MONOXIDE-OZONE CHEMILUMINESCENCE. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY , 66(18). 10.1021/ac00090a009
RYERSON, TB, RM BARKLEY and RE SIEVERS. (Jun 1994). SELECTIVE CHEMILUMINESCENCE DETECTION OF SULFUR-CONTAINING-COMPOUNDS COUPLED WITH NITROGEN-PHOSPHORUS DETECTION FOR GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A , 670(2-Jan). 10.1016/0021-9673(94)80286-6
HANSEN, BN, AF LAGALANTE, RE SIEVERS and TJ BRUNO. (Jun 1994). HIGH-PRESSURE EQUILIBRIUM CELL FOR SOLUBILITY MEASUREMENTS IN SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS. REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS , 65(6). 10.1063/1.1144821
Hansen, Kris and Robert E. Sievers. (Mar 1994). Incorporating undergraduates into graduate research in environmental science. Abstracts of Papers American Chemical Society , 207(2-Jan).
HUANG, L, SB TURNIPSEED, RC HALTIWANGER, RM BARKLEY and RE SIEVERS. (Feb 1994). SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURES OF VOLATILE MONONUCLEAR AND PENTANUCLEAR CHELATES OF BARIUM. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY , 33(4). 10.1021/ic00082a029
HYBERTSON, BM, JE REPINE, CJ BEEHLER, KS RUTLEDGE, AF LAGALANTE and RE SIEVERS. (Dec 1993). PULMONARY DRUG-DELIVERY OF FINE AEROSOL-PARTICLES FROM SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS. JOURNAL OF AEROSOL MEDICINE-DEPOSITION CLEARANCE AND EFFECTS IN THE LUNG , 6(4). 10.1089/jam.1993.6.275
SIEVERS, RE, SB TURNIPSEED, L HUANG and AF LAGALANTE. (Oct 1993). VOLATILE BARIUM BETA-DIKETONATES FOR USE AS MOCVD PRECURSORS. COORDINATION CHEMISTRY REVIEWS , 128(2-Jan). 10.1016/0010-8545(93)80035-4
HANSEN, BN, BM HYBERTSON, RM BARKLEY and RE SIEVERS. (Dec 1992). SUPERCRITICAL FLUID TRANSPORT CHEMICAL-DEPOSITION OF FILMS. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS , 4(4). 10.1021/cm00022a003
BROOKS, KC, SB TURNIPSEED, RM BARKLEY, RE SIEVERS, V TULCHINSKY and AE KALOYEROS. (Dec 1992). SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF VOLATILE BISMUTH BETA-DIKETONATE COMPOUNDS FOR METAL ORGANIC-CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION OF THIN-FILMS. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS , 4(4). 10.1021/cm00022a030
BUHR, MP, M TRAINER, DD PARRISH, RE SIEVERS and FC FEHSENFELD. (May 1992). ASSESSMENT OF POLLUTANT EMISSION INVENTORIES BY PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS OF AMBIENT AIR MEASUREMENTS. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS , 19(10). 10.1029/92GL01020
HYBERTSON, BM, BN HANSEN, RM BARKLEY and RE SIEVERS. (Nov 1991). DEPOSITION OF PALLADIUM FILMS BY A NOVEL SUPERCRITICAL FLUID TRANSPORT-CHEMICAL DEPOSITION PROCESS. MATERIALS RESEARCH BULLETIN , 26(11). 10.1016/0025-5408(91)90118-6
SIEVERS, RE and B HANSEN. (Jul 1991). CHEMICAL SAFETY - SUPERCRITICAL FLUID NITROUS-OXIDE EXPLOSION. CHEMICAL & ENGINEERING NEWS , 69(29).
MONTZKA, SA, BM HYBERTSON, RM BARKLEY and RE SIEVERS. (May 1991). LOW-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION OF YBA2CU3O6.0 WITH NITROGEN-DIOXIDE. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH , 6(5). 10.1557/JMR.1991.0891
TURNIPSEED, SB, RM BARKLEY and RE SIEVERS. (Mar 1991). SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ALKALINE-EARTH-METAL BETA-DIKETONATE COMPLEXES USED AS PRECURSORS FOR CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION OF THIN-FILM SUPERCONDUCTORS. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY , 30(6). 10.1021/ic00006a003
BUHR, MP, DD PARRISH, RB NORTON, FC FEHSENFELD, RE SIEVERS and JM ROBERTS. (Jun 1990). CONTRIBUTION OF ORGANIC NITRATES TO THE TOTAL REACTIVE NITROGEN BUDGET AT A RURAL EASTERN UNITED-STATES SITE. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES , 95(D7). 10.1029/JD095iD07p09809
DICKINSON, PH, TH GEBALLE, A SANJURJO, D HILDENBRAND, G CRAIG, M ZISK, J COLLMAN, SA BANNING and RE SIEVERS. (Jul 1989). CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION OF YBA2CU3O7-X SUPERCONDUCTING FILMS. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS , 66(1). 10.1063/1.343845
MONTZKA, SA, RM BARKLEY and RE SIEVERS. (Jun 1989). CATALYZED REDOX REACTIONS OCCURRING IN A CHEMI-LUMINESCENCE DETECTOR USED FOR ENVIRONMENTAL-ANALYSIS. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY , 42(2).
FOREMAN, WT, CL SHELLUM, JW BIRKS and RE SIEVERS. (Mar 1989). SUPERCRITICAL FLUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH SULFUR CHEMI-LUMINESCENCE DETECTION. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY , 465(1). 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)94939-8
MCNAMARA, EA, SA MONTZKA, RM BARKLEY and RE SIEVERS. (Oct 1988). SUPERCONDUCTOR METAL-OXIDE CATALYST IN A CHEMI-LUMINESCENCE CHROMATOGRAPHY DETECTOR. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY , 452. 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)81438-2
DEANGELIS, JJ, RM BARKLEY and RE SIEVERS. (May 1988). COUPLING LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH REDOX CHEMI-LUMINESCENCE DETECTION. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY , 441(1). 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)84660-4
FOREMAN, WT, RE SIEVERS and BW WENCLAWIAK. (Jan 1988). SUPERCRITICAL FLUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH REDOX CHEMI-LUMINESCENCE DETECTION. FRESENIUS ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANALYTISCHE CHEMIE , 330(3). 10.1007/BF00515613
POURREZA, N, SA MONTZKA, RM BARKLEY, RE SIEVERS and RS HUTTE. (Jul 1987). CHEMISTRY OCCURRING IN REDOX CHEMILUMINESCENCE DETECTORS FOR CHROMATOGRAPHY. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY , 399.
SIEVERS, RE, RL SHEARER and RM BARKLEY. (Jun 1987). GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC MEASUREMENT OF CARBON-MONOXIDE IN HYDROCARBON MATRICES WITH A REDOX CHEMILUMINESCENCE DETECTOR. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY , 395. 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)94096-8
GREAVES, RC, RM BARKLEY, RE SIEVERS and RR MEGLEN. (Jan 1987). COVARIATIONS IN THE CONCENTRATIONS OF ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS ASSOCIATED WITH SPRINGTIME ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT , 21(12). 10.1016/0004-6981(87)90187-9
HUTTE, RS, RE SIEVERS and JW BIRKS. (Nov 1986). GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY DETECTORS BASED ON CHEMILUMINESCENCE. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE , 24(11). 10.1093/chromsci/24.11.499
SIEVERS, RE, SA NYARADY, RL SHEARER, JJ DEANGELIS, RM BARKLEY and RS HUTTE. (Dec 1985). SELECTIVITY OF THE REDOX CHEMILUMINESCENCE DETECTOR FOR COMPLEX SAMPLE ANALYSIS. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY , 349(2). 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)83797-3
WENCLAWIAK, B, RM BARKLEY, EJ WILLIAMS and RE SIEVERS. (Dec 1985). GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC AND LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATIONS OF GEOMETRICAL-ISOMERS OF TRIS(2,2,7-TRIMETHYLOCTANE-3,5-DIONATO)CHROMIUM(III) AND COBALT(III) CHELATES AND OTHER CR-BETA-DIKETONATES. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY , 349(2). 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)83807-3
GREAVES, RC, RM BARKLEY and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1985). RAPID SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS OF VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS OF AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY , 57(14). 10.1021/ac00291a015
ROBERTS, JM, RS HUTTE, FC FEHSENFELD, DL ALBRITTON and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1985). MEASUREMENTS OF ANTHROPOGENIC HYDROCARBON CONCENTRATION RATIOS IN THE RURAL TROPOSPHERE - DISCRIMINATION BETWEEN BACKGROUND AND URBAN SOURCES. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT , 19(11). 10.1016/0004-6981(85)90020-4
HAWTHORNE, SB, RE SIEVERS and RM BARKLEY. (Jan 1985). ORGANIC EMISSIONS FROM SHALE OIL WASTEWATERS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR AIR-QUALITY. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY , 19(10). 10.1021/es00140a018
NYARADY, SA, RM BARKLEY and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1985). REDOX CHEMI-LUMINESCENCE DETECTOR - APPLICATION TO GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY , 57(11). 10.1021/ac00288a016
GILLIS, JN, RE SIEVERS and GE POLLOCK. (Jan 1985). SELECTIVE RETENTION OF OXYGEN USING CHROMATOGRAPHIC COLUMNS CONTAINING METAL CHELATE POLYMERS. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY , 57(8). 10.1021/ac00285a017
NYARADY, SA and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1985). SELECTIVE CATALYTIC-OXIDATION OF ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS BY NITROGEN-DIOXIDE. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY , 107(12). 10.1021/ja00298a058
WENZEL, TJ, EJ WILLIAMS, RC HALTIWANGER and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1985). STUDIES OF METAL-CHELATES WITH THE NOVEL LIGAND 2,2,7-TRIMETHYL-3,5-OCTANEDIONE. POLYHEDRON , 4(3). 10.1016/S0277-5387(00)86994-6
GRADEFF, PS, FG SCHREIBER, KC BROOKS and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1985). SIMPLIFIED METHOD FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF CERIC ALKOXIDES FROM CERIC AMMONIUM-NITRATE. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY , 24(7). 10.1021/ic00201a033
ROBERTS, JM, CJ HAHN, FC FEHSENFELD, JM WARNOCK, DL ALBRITTON and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1985). MONOTERPENE HYDROCARBONS IN THE NIGHTTIME TROPOSPHERE. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY , 19(4). 10.1021/es00134a011
ROBERTS, JM, FC FEHSENFELD, SC LIU, MJ BOLLINGER, C HAHN, DL ALBRITTON and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1984). MEASUREMENTS OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBON RATIOS AND NOX CONCENTRATIONS IN THE RURAL TROPOSPHERE - OBSERVATION OF AIR-MASS PHOTOCHEMICAL AGING AND NOX REMOVAL. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT , 18(11). 10.1016/0004-6981(84)90012-X
HUTTE, RS, EJ WILLIAMS, J STAEHELIN, SB HAWTHORNE, RM BARKLEY and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1984). CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS IN THE ATMOSPHERE. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY , 302(OCT). 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)89009-9
WILLIAMS, EJ and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1984). SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A NEW SORBENT FOR USE IN THE DETERMINATION OF VOLATILE, COMPLEX-FORMING ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS IN AIR. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY , 56(13). 10.1021/ac00277a058
CONDITT, MK and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1984). MICROANALYSIS OF REACTION-PRODUCTS IN SEALED TUBE WET AIR OXIDATIONS BY CAPILLARY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY , 56(13). 10.1021/ac00277a085
HAWTHORNE, SB and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1984). EMISSION OF ORGANIC AIR-POLLUTANTS FROM SHALE OIL WASTEWATERS. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY , 18(6). 10.1021/es00124a016
SIEVERS RE. (Jan 1983). ANALYTICAL-CHEMISTRY - A USEFUL TEACHING AID IN INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS COURSES. Analytical Chemistry , 55(7), A708-A708. 10.1021/ac00258a719
SIEVERS RE. (Jan 1983). REVITALIZING EPA. Science , 220(4596), 462-462. 10.1126/science.220.4596.462
ROBERTS, JM, FC FEHSENFELD, DL ALBRITTON and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1983). MEASUREMENT OF MONOTERPENE HYDROCARBONS AT NIWOT RIDGE, COLORADO. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS , 88(NC15). 10.1029/JC088iC15p10667
BOLLINGER, MJ, RE SIEVERS, DW FAHEY and FC FEHSENFELD. (Jan 1983). CONVERSION OF NITROGEN-DIOXIDE, NITRIC-ACID, AND NORMAL-PROPYL NITRATE TO NITRIC-OXIDE BY GOLD-CATALYZED REDUCTION WITH CARBON-MONOXIDE. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY , 55(12). 10.1021/ac00262a034
SIEVERS, RE and KC BROOKS. (Jan 1983). GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY COMBINED WITH MASS-SPECTROMETRY IN STUDIES OF COMPLEX-MIXTURES OF TRIS(BETA-DIKETONATO)CHROMIUM(III) GEOMETRICAL-ISOMERS WITH FUSED-SILICA CAPILLARY COLUMNS. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY AND ION PROCESSES , 47(JAN). 10.1016/0020-7381(83)87250-7
WENCLAWIAK, B and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1983). SEPARATION OF GEOMETRICAL-ISOMERS OF CR-BETA-DIKETONATES WITH REVERSED PHASE-HPLC. FRESENIUS ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANALYTISCHE CHEMIE , 314(7). 10.1007/BF00487359
WENZEL, TJ and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1982). BINUCLEAR SHIFT-REAGENTS FOR NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROMETRY OF AROMATIC AND POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY , 54(9). 10.1021/ac00246a032
WIZNER, MA, S SINGHAWANGCHA, RM BARKLEY and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1982). SELECTIVE ELECTRON-CAPTURE SENSITIZATION OF WATER, PHENOLS, AMINES AND AROMATIC AND HETEROCYCLIC-COMPOUNDS. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY , 239(APR). 10.1016/S0021-9673(00)81976-7
WENZEL, TJ, ME ASHLEY and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1982). WATER-SOLUBLE PARAMAGNETIC RELAXATION REAGENTS FOR C-13 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROMETRY. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY , 54(4). 10.1021/ac00241a004
WENZEL, TJ and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1982). NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE STUDIES OF TERPENES WITH CHIRAL AND ACHIRAL LANTHANIDE(III) SILVER(I) BINUCLEAR SHIFT-REAGENTS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY , 104(2). 10.1021/ja00366a003
PICKER, JE and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1981). APPLICATIONS OF SELECTIVE COMPLEXATION BY A EUROPIUM(III) COORDINATION POLYMER SORBENT FOR THE PRE-FRACTIONATION OF VOLATILE COMPOUNDS. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY , 217(NOV). 10.1016/S0021-9673(00)88082-6
WENZEL, TJ and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1981). BINUCLEAR COMPLEXES OF LANTHANIDE(III) AND SILVER(I) AND THEIR FUNCTION AS SHIFT-REAGENTS FOR OLEFINS, AROMATICS, AND HALOGENATED COMPOUNDS. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY , 53(3). 10.1021/ac00226a005
PICKER, JE and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1981). LANTHANIDE METAL-CHELATES AS SELECTIVE COMPLEXING SORBENTS FOR GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY , 203(JAN). 10.1016/S0021-9673(00)80279-4
GOLDAN, PD, FC FEHSENFELD, WC KUSTER, MP PHILLIPS and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1980). VINYL-CHLORIDE DETECTION AT SUB-PARTS-PER-BILLION LEVELS WITH A CHEMICALLY SENSITIZED ELECTRON-CAPTURE DETECTOR. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY , 52(11). 10.1021/ac50061a048
WENZEL, TJ, TC BETTES, JE SADLOWSKI and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1980). NEW BINUCLEAR LANTHANIDE NMR SHIFT-REAGENTS EFFECTIVE FOR AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY , 102(18). 10.1021/ja00538a032
CUNNINGHAM, JA and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1980). STRUCTURES OF EUROPIUM COMPLEXES AND IMPLICATIONS IN LANTHANIDE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SHIFT-REAGENT CHEMISTRY. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY , 19(3). 10.1021/ic50205a005
SIEVERS, RE, MP PHILLIPS, RM BARKLEY, MA WIZNER, MJ BOLLINGER, RS HUTTE and FC FEHSENFELD. (Jan 1979). SELECTIVE ELECTRON-CAPTURE SENSITIZATION. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY , 186(DEC). 10.1016/S0021-9673(00)95232-4
KOLONKO, KJ, RH SHAPIRO, RM BARKLEY and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1979). OZONATION OF CAFFEINE IN AQUEOUS-SOLUTION. JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY , 44(22). 10.1021/jo01336a007
PHILLIPS, MP, RE SIEVERS, PD GOLDAN, WC KUSTER and FC FEHSENFELD. (Jan 1979). ENHANCEMENT OF ELECTRON-CAPTURE DETECTOR SENSITIVITY TO NONELECTRON ATTACHING COMPOUNDS BY ADDITION OF NITROUS-OXIDE TO THE CARRIER GAS. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY , 51(11). 10.1021/ac50047a049
HALTIWANGER, RC, KJ KOLONKO, RH SHAPIRO and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1979). 1,4,5,6-TETRAHYDRO-1,5,N-TRIMETHYL-4,6-DIOXO-1,3,5-TRIAZINE-2-CARBOXAMIDE. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B-STRUCTURAL SCIENCE , 35(JUN). 10.1107/S0567740879006919
TISCHER RL; EISENTRAUT KJ; SCHELLER K; SIEVERS RE; BAUSMAN RC; BLUM PR. (Jan 1978). LANTHANUM CHELATE AS ANTI-KNOCK ADDITIVE. Erdoel u Kohle-Erdgas-Petrochemie , 31(2), 94-94.
PETERSON, H, GA EICEMAN, RE SIEVERS and LR FIELD. (Jan 1978). GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC INJECTOR ATTACHMENT FOR DIRECT INSERTION AND REMOVAL OF A POROUS POLYMER SORPTION TRAP. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY , 50(14). 10.1021/ac50036a052
SIEVERS, RE and JE SADLOWSKI. (Jan 1978). VOLATILE METAL-COMPLEXES. SCIENCE , 201(4352). 10.1126/science.201.4352.217
NAVRATIL, JD and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1977). CHEMICAL SEPARATIONS WITH OPEN-PORE POLYURETHANE. (NOV-).
NAVRATIL, JD, RE SIEVERS and HF WALTON. (Jan 1977). OPEN-PORE POLYURETHANE COLUMNS FOR COLLECTION AND PRECONCENTRATION OF POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS FROM WATER. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY , 49(14). 10.1021/ac50022a038
SIEVERS, RE, RM BARKLEY, GA EICEMAN, RH SHAPIRO, HF WALTON, KJ KOLONKO and LR FIELD. (Jan 1977). ENVIRONMENTAL TRACE ANALYSIS OF ORGANICS IN WATER BY GLASS CAPILLARY COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY AND ANCILLARY TECHNIQUES - PRODUCTS OF OZONOLYSIS. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY , 142(NOV). 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)92082-5
BLACK, MS, WR REHG, RE SIEVERS and JJ BROOKS. (Jan 1977). GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE FOR COMPOUND CLASS ANALYSIS OF JET ENGINE EXHAUST. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY , 142(NOV). 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)92088-6
ROSS, WD, JL PYLE and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1977). ANALYSIS FOR BERYLLIUM IN AMBIENT AIR PARTICULATES BY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY , 11(5). 10.1021/es60128a004
CHEN, TM, GG HESS and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1977). IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC COLUMNS FORMED BY INSITU POLYMERIZATION. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY , 134(1). 10.1016/S0021-9673(00)82580-7
SCHAAF TF; AVANZINO SC; JOLLY WL; SIEVERS RE. (Jan 1976). CORE BINDING-ENERGIES OF SOME METAL BETA-DIKETONATES AND BETA-DIKETONES IN VAPOR-PHASE. Journal of Coordination Chemistry , 5(3), 157-161. 10.1080/00958977608073003
SIEVERS, RE, JJ BROOKS, JA CUNNINGHAM and WE RHINE. (Jan 1976). UNUSUALLY VOLATILE AND SOLUBLE METAL-CHELATES - LANTHANIDE NMR SHIFT-REAGENTS. (150).
TESCH, JW, WR REHG and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1976). MICRODETERMINATION OF NITRATES AND NITRITES IN SALIVA, BLOOD, WATER, AND SUSPENDED PARTICULATES IN AIR BY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY , 126(3-Nov). 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)84117-0
BLACK, MS and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1976). DETERMINATION OF CHROMIUM IN HUMAN-BLOOD SERUM BY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH A MICROWAVE EXCITED EMISSION DETECTOR. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY , 48(13). 10.1021/ac50007a015
ROSS, WD, GW BUTTLER, TG DUFFY, WR REHG, MT WININGER and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1975). ANALYSIS FOR AQUEOUS NITRATES AND NITRITES AND GASEOUS OXIDES OF NITROGEN BY ELECTRON-CAPTURE GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY. , 112(29-Oct).
HANSEN, LC and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1974). HIGHLY PERMEABLE OPEN-PORE POLYURETHANE COLUMNS FOR LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY. , 99(6-Nov).
KUTAL, C and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1974). RATE AND EQUILIBRIUM STUDY OF CIS-TRANS ISOMERIZATION OF TRIS(1,1,1-TRIFLUORO-2,4-PENTANEDIONATO)CHROMIUM(III) IN GAS-PHASE. , 13(4).
ECKSTEIN, H, RE SIEVERS and E BAYER. (Jan 1973). SIMPLIFIED SYNTHESIS OF TYROSINE AND LYSINE DERIVATIVES FROM THEIR COPPER-COMPLEXES BY LIGAND-EXCHANGE WITH DISODIUM SALT OF ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRAACETIC ACID (EDTA). (9).
BROOKS, JJ and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1973). GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF INTERACTIONS BETWEEN SELECTED ORGANIC NUCLEOPHILES AND NMR SHIFT REAGENT, TRIS(1,1,1,2,2,3,3-HEPTAFLUORO-7,7-DIMETHYL-4,6-OCTANEDIONATO)EUROPIUM(III). , 11(6).
HILEMAN, FD, RE SIEVERS, GG HESS and WD ROSS. (Jan 1973). IN-SITU PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF OPEN PORE POLYURETHANE CHROMATOGRAPHIC COLUMNS. , 45(7).
FEIBUSH, B, RE SIEVERS, CS SPRINGER and RICHARDS.MF. (Jan 1972). COMPLEXES OF NUCLEOPHILES WITH RARE-EARTH CHELATES .1. GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF LANTHANIDE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SHIFT REAGENTS. , 94(19).
WOLF, WR, RE SIEVERS and GH BROWN. (Jan 1972). VAPOR-PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS AND GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF SOLUTION THERMODYNAMICS OF METAL BETA-DIKETONATES. , 11(9).
EISENTRA.KJ, RE SIEVERS, MS BLACK and DJ GRIEST. (Jan 1972). BERYLLIUM CONTENT OF US GEOLOGICAL SURVEY STANDARD ROCKS. , 15(2).
CUMMINGS, SC and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1972). PSEUDOOCTAHEDRAL COBALT(III), NICKEL(II), AND CADMIUM(II) COMPLEXES OF LINEAR, SEXADENTATE, FLUORINATED SCHIFF-BASE LIGANDS. , 11(7).
RICHARDS.MF and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1972). CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF MACROCYCLIC COMPLEX, 11,13-DIMETHYL-1,4,7,10-TETRAAZACYCLOTRIDECA-10,12-DIENATONICKEL(II) PERCHLORATE. , 94(12).
ROSS, WD and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1972). ENVIRONMENTAL AIR ANALYSIS FOR ULTRATRACE CONCENTRATIONS OF BERYLLIUM BY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY. , 6(2).
BAYER, E, M MUTTER, RE SIEVERS, R UHMANN and P HUNZIKER. (Jan 1972). F-19 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE FOR CONTROL OF PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS. , 94(1).
EISENTRA.KJ, DJ GRIEST and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1971). ULTRATRACE ANALYSIS FOR BERYLLIUM IN TERRESTRIAL, METEORITIC, AND APOLLO-11 AND APOLLO-12 LUNAR SAMPLES USING ELECTRON CAPTURE GAS CHROMMATOGRAPHY. , 43(14).
BAYER, E, HP MULLER and R SIEVERS. (Jan 1971). HEXAFLUOROMONOTHIOACETYLACETONE-A NEW LIGAND FOR GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION OF D8-METALS. , 43(14).
SPRINGER, C, RE SIEVERS and B FEIBUSH. (Jan 1971). CHIRAL CHELATES WITH CHIRAL LIGANDS - STEREOISOMERS OF TRIS[(+]-3-ACETYLCAMPHORATO(COBALT(III). , 10(6).
RONDEAU, RE and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1971). NEW SUPERIOR PARAMAGNETIC SHIFT REAGENTS FOR NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTRAL CLARIFICATION. , 93(6).
RICHARDS.MF and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1971). VOLATILE RARE EARTH CHELATES OF 1,1,1,5,5,5-HEXAFLUORO-2,4-PENTANEDIONE AND 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,7,7,7-DECAFLUORO-4,6-HEPTANEDIONE. , 10(3).
HANSEN, LC, WG SCRIBNER, TW GILBERT and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1971). RAPID ANALYSIS FOR SUB-NANOGRAM AMOUNTS OF CHROMIUM IN BLOOD AND PLASMA USING ELECTRON CAPTURE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY. , 43(3).
CUMMINGS, SC and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1970). A NEW AND SIMPLE TEMPLATE SYNTHESIS OF UNINEGATIVE, MACROCYCLIC, CORRIN-TYPE LIGANDS. , 92(1).
BAYER, E, NICHOLSO.G and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1970). SEPARATION OF ISOTOPES OF CARBON AND SULFUR BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH PACKED COLUMNS. , 8(8).
RICHARDS.MF, PW CORFIELD, DE SANDS and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1970). CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF ACETYLACETONIMINE ADDUCT OF YTTERBIUM ACETYLACETONATE, YB(C5H7O2)3(CH3COCH=C(NH2)CH3). , 9(7).
RICHARDS.MF and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1970). SCHIFF BASES PREPARED FROM ETHYLENEDIAMINE AND HEXAFLUOROACETYLACETONE. , 32(6).
CUMMINGS, SC and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1970). A NEW SYNTHETIC ROUTE TO MACROCYCLIC NICKEL(II) COMPLEXES WITH UNINEGATIVE, SCHIFF-BASE LIGANDS. , 9(5).
KOWALSKI, BR, TL ISENHOUR and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1969). ULTRA-TRACE MASS SPECTROMETRIC METAL ANALYSIS USING HEPTAFLUORODIMETHYLOCTANEDIONE CHELATES. , 41(8).
SICRE, JE, JT DUBOIS, EISENTRA.KJ and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1969). VOLATILE LANTHANIDE CHELATES .2. VAPOR PRESSURES HEATS OF VAPORIZATION AND HEATS OF SUBLIMATION. , 91(13).
ROSS, WD and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1968). RAPID ULTRA-TRACE DETERMINATION OF BERYLLIUM BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY. , 15(1).
FORTMAN, JJ and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1967). DETERMINATION OF RATES OF OPTICAL INVERSION OF ALUMINUM BETA-DIKETONATE COMPLEXES BY NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDIES OF RACEMIC MIXTURES. , 6(11).
EISENTRA.KJ and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1967). THERMOGRAVIMETRIC STUDIES OF METAL BETA-DIKETONATES. , 29(8).
SPRINGER, CS, DW MEEK and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1967). RARE EARTH CHELATES OF 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-HEPTAFLUORO-7,7-DIMETHYL-4,6-OCTANEDIONE. , 6(6).
SIEVERS, RE, JW CONNOLLY and WD ROSS. (Jan 1967). METAL ANALYSIS BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY OF CHELATES OF HEPTAFLUORODIMETHYLOCTANEDIONE. , 5(5).
CHATTORA.SC, AG CUPKA and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1966). CADMIUM AND ZINC CHELATES OF HEXAFLUOROACETYLACETONE - GAS PHASE REACTION OF A NOVEL VOLATILE CADMIUM COMPLEX WITH HYDROGEN SULPHIDE. , 28(9).
LINCK, RG and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1966). SOLVENT EFFECTS ON NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTRA OF ALUMINUM BETA-DIKETONATES. , 5(5).
VANHEMER.RL, SPENDLOV.LB and RE SIEVERS. (Jan 1965). VAPOR DEPOSITION OF METALS BY HYDROGEN REDUCTION OF METAL CHELATES. , 112(11).
DASSARMA, B, RE SIEVERS, JC BAILAR and KR RAY. (Jan 1964). STEREOCHEMISTRY OF METAL CHELATES WITH MULTIDENTATE LIGANDS .2. , 86(1).
SIEVERS, RE, BW PONDER, ML MORRIS and RW MOSHIER. (Jan 1963). GAS PHASE CHROMATOGRAPHY OF METAL CHELATES OF ACETYLACETONE, TRIFLUOROACETYLACETONE, AND HEXAFLUOROACETYLACETONE. , 2(4).
SIEVERS, RE and JC BAILAR. (Jan 1962). SOME METAL CHELATES OF ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRAACETIC ACID, DIETHYLENETRIAMINEPENTAACETIC ACID, AND TRIETHYLENETETRAMINEHEXAACETIC ACID. , 1(1).