William M. Lewis Jr.

Position

Emeritus Professor

Department

Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

Education

Ph.D., Indiana University at Bloomington, 1973

Contact

303-492-5191

william.lewis@colorado.edu

Location

University of Colorado Boulder - Main Campus, CIRES Bldg, Room 266

Publications on the web

ORCID:

0000-0002-9465-240X

Research Interests

My field of study is limnology, which is the ecological analysis of lakes, streams, and wetlands. I do my research and teaching through the CIRES Center for Limnology, which offers analytical services and opportunities for field work in all aquatic environments of Colorado. Research projects as well as graduate and undergraduate studies in limnology typically incorporate analyses and interpretation from physics, chemistry, and biology as an interdisciplinary mix that facilitates the understanding of aquatic ecosystems. Some fields of special interest for me and my graduate students at CU have been biogeochemistry, food webs, and biological production. In limnology, biogeochemistry, which is based on analysis of element cycling in ecosystems, has been used frequently to study the effects of humans on biological processes in aquatic environments through nutrients or toxins. Food web studies are frequently based on use of tracers such as stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen to quantify the rates at which biomass for groups of organisms are processed through the food web by grazing, predation, and decomposition. The study of biological production, which is critical to human interest in the yield of biomass from aquatic ecosystems, focuses on factors that restrict or magnify the amount of production per unit area in ecosystems, and takes into account the influences of humans on biological production.

Current Research

Biogeochemistry of Nitrogen

Much of my current work with students and other collaborators focuses on environmental cycling of nitrogen in numerous aquatic environments of Colorado. One example is the South Platte River below Denver, which receives a large amount of treated wastewater from Denver and its suburbs. Our recent studies show that the South Platte River below Denver supports very high rates of denitrification, which converts nitrate to N₂, an inert gas that is released to the atmosphere. This process is environmentally favorable because excessive nitrate derived from wastewater causes nuisance growth of algae and aquatic vascular plants.

Analysis of Food Webs in Lakes

Recent PhD graduate Thomas Detmer led an ambitious project in Rocky Mountain National Park related to the influence of fish on food webs. The RMNP has lakes with fish and lakes that lack fish. In comparing these lakes, Detmer showed that fish very strongly suppress the presence of large invertebrates such as stoneflies, thus shifting the composition of aquatic invertebrates in the lakes, as expected. Contrary to expectation, however, he showed that loss of the large invertebrates was compensated by a great increase in the abundance of small invertebrates. Ecologically speaking, the small invertebrates took the place of the larger invertebrates in the food web, so that changes in food web functions were negligible. This is an example of ecological resilience.

Production of Aquatic Biomass

Aquatic environments create new biomass through photosynthesis, which is conducted by algae and aquatic vascular plants. Our research on both lakes and streams in Colorado shows that photosynthesis is controlled in some cases by P, a nutrient, and sometimes by N, also a nutrient. In the past, limnologists have thought that P is a master nutrient, and that N does not commonly control production through photosynthesis. Our experiments in Colorado, and similar work conducted elsewhere, support a new view of nitrogen as a commonly limiting nutrient for aquatic photosynthesis.

Summary of nitrogen fluxes relevant to concentrations of ammonia (NH₃) and nitrate (NO₃^-), important pollutants in the South Platte River below Denver.

Honors and Awards

CU Boulder Distinguished Research Lectureship, 2018-2019
Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2017
Baldi Award, International Society for Limnology, 2010
Chair, National Research Council Committee on Endangered and Threatened Fishes in the Klamath River Basin, 2001-2003
Sustained Achievement Award of the Renewable Natural Resources Foundation, 1996
Recipient of the Naumann-Thienemann Medal of the International Society for Limnology, 1999
Member of the National Research Council's Water Science and Technology Board, 1993-1999
Past President, American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, 2000-2002

View Publications

Alcocer, J; Roberson, J; Oseguera, LA; Lewis, WM. (May 2020). Rhythmic episodes of heating and cooling control thermal stratification of two tropical high mountain lakes. AQUATIC SCIENCES , 82(3). 10.1007/s00027-020-00731-1
Detmer, T; Lewis, WM. (Sep 2019). Influences of fish on food web structure and function in mountain lakes. FRESHWATER BIOLOGY , 64(9). 10.1111/fwb.13352
Lewis, WM; McCutchan, JH; Roberson, J. (Mar 2019). Effects of Climatic Change on Temperature and Thermal Structure of a Mountain Reservoir. WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH , 55(3). 10.1029/2018WR023555
Detmer, TM, JH McCutchan and WM Lewis. (Mar 2017). Predator driven changes in prey size distribution stabilize secondary production in lacustrine food webs. LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY , 62(2). 10.1002/lno.10446
Detmer, T, JH McCutchan and WM Lewis. (Jan 2017). Trophic interactions across lake-stream boundaries in mountain lakes. INLAND WATERS , 7(4). 10.1080/20442041.2017.1382936
Robertson, DS, WM Lewis, PM Sheehan and OB Toon. (Jul 2013). K-Pg extinction patterns in marine and freshwater environments: The impact winter model. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES , 118(3). 10.1002/jgrg.20086
Robertson, DS, WM Lewis, PM Sheehan and OB Toon. (Mar 2013). K-Pg extinction: Reevaluation of the heat-fire hypothesis. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES , 118(1). 10.1002/jgrg.20018
Rhoades, CC, JH McCutchan, LA Cooper, D Clow, TM Detmer, JS Briggs, JD Stednick, TT Veblen, RM Ertz, GE Likens and WM Lewis. (Jan 2013). Biogeochemistry of beetle-killed forests: Explaining a weak nitrate response. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA , 110(5). 10.1073/pnas.1221029110
Anthony, JL and WM Lewis. (Jul 2012). Low boundary layer response and temperature dependence of nitrogen and phosphorus releases from oxic sediments of an oligotrophic lake. AQUATIC SCIENCES , 74(3). 10.1007/s00027-012-0255-6
Bradburn, MJ, WM Lewis and JH McCutchan. (May 2012). Comparative adaptations of Aphanizomenon and Anabaena for nitrogen fixation under weak irradiance. FRESHWATER BIOLOGY , 57(5). 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2012.02765.x
Lewis, WM, WA Wurtsbaugh and HW Paerl. (Dec 2011). Rationale for Control of Anthropogenic Nitrogen and Phosphorus to Reduce Eutrophication of Inland Waters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY , 45(24). 10.1021/es202401p
Segura, C, JH McCutchan, WM Lewis and J Pitlick. (Dec 2011). The influence of channel bed disturbance on algal biomass in a Colorado mountain stream. ECOHYDROLOGY , 4(3). 10.1002/eco.142
Clow, DW, C Rhoades, J Briggs, M Caldwell and WM Lewis. (Jun 2011). Responses of soil and water chemistry to mountain pine beetle induced tree mortality in Grand County, Colorado, USA. APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY , 26. 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.03.096
Lewis, WM. (Jan 2011). Global primary production of lakes: 19th Baldi Memorial Lecture. INLAND WATERS , 1(1). 10.5268/IW-1.1.384
Lewis, WM and JH McCutchan. (Sep 2010). Ecological responses to nutrients in streams and rivers of the Colorado mountains and foothills. FRESHWATER BIOLOGY , 55(9). 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2010.02431.x
Higgins TM; McCutchan JH; Lewis WM. (Jan 2009). Quantifying riverine sediment denitrification rates in situ with a novel, portable hyporheic chamber. Verhandlungen der Internationalen Vereinigung fur Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie. International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology , 30, 809-+.
Higgins, TM, JH McCutchan and WM Lewis. (Jul 2008). Nitrogen ebullition in a Colorado plains river. BIOGEOCHEMISTRY , 89(3). 10.1007/s10533-008-9225-4
Gardner, EM, DM McKnight, WM Lewis and MP Miller. (Feb 2008). Effects of nutrient enrichment on phytoplankton in an alpine lake, Colorado, USA. ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH , 40(1). 10.1657/1523-0430(07-002)[GARDNER]2.0.CO;2
Lewis, WM and WA Wurtsbaugh. (Jan 2008). Control of Lacustrine Phytoplankton by Nutrients: Erosion of the Phosphorus Paradigm. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF HYDROBIOLOGY , 93(5-Apr). 10.1002/iroh.200811065
Lewis, WM, JF Saunders and JH McCutchan. (Jan 2008). Application of a nutrient-saturation concept to the control of algal growth in lakes. LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT , 24(1). 10.1080/07438140809354049
Rodriguez, MA, KO Winemiller, WM Lewis and DCT Baechle. (Dec 2007). The freshwater habitats, fishes, and fisheries of the Orinoco River basin. AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM HEALTH & MANAGEMENT , 10(2). 10.1080/14634980701350686
McGrath, CC and WM Lewis. (Sep 2007). Competition and predation as mechanisms for displacement of greenback cutthroat trout by brook trout. TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY , 136(5). 10.1577/T07-017.1
Cronin, G, JH McCutchan, J Pitlick and WM Lewis. (Aug 2007). Use of Shields stress to reconstruct and forecast changes in river metabolism. FRESHWATER BIOLOGY , 52(8). 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01790.x
Sedarat, A, MJ Sterling, MA Fuhrman, WM Lewis and M Saric. (Dec 2006). Achalasia as a cause of congestive heart failure. , 64(6).
McCutchan, JH and WM Lewis. (Jul 2006). Groundwater flux and open-channel estimation of stream metabolism: response to Hall and Tank. LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS , 4. 10.4319/lom.2006.4.213
Cronin, G, WM Lewis and MA Schiehser. (Jul 2006). Influence of freshwater macrophytes on the littoral ecosystem structure and function of a young Colorado reservoir. AQUATIC BOTANY , 85(1). 10.1016/j.aquabot.2006.01.011
Kaushal, SS, WM Lewis and JH McCutchan. (Feb 2006). Land use change and nitrogen enrichment of a Rocky Mountain watershed. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS , 16(1). 10.1890/05-0134
Ortiz-Zayas, JR, WM Lewis, JF Saunders, JH McCutchan and FN Scatena. (Dec 2005). Metabolism of a tropical rainforest stream. JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY , 24(4). 10.1899/03-094.1
Kaushal, SS and WM Lewis. (Jun 2005). Fate and transport of organic nitrogen in minimally disturbed montane streams of Colorado, USA. BIOGEOCHEMISTRY , 74(3). 10.1007/s10533-004-4723-5
Pribyl, AL, JH McCutchan, WM Lewis and JF Saunders. (Apr 2005). Whole-system estimation of denitrification in a plains river: a comparison of two methods. BIOGEOCHEMISTRY , 73(3). 10.1007/s10533-004-0565-4
Lewis Jr WM. (Jan 2005). Water-quality bugs and water-management buffalos. Colorado Water (8), 11-12.
Lewis Jr WM. (Jan 2005). Publishing Limnology, Now and Then. Limnology and Oceanography Bulletin , 14, 25-30. 10.1002/lob.200514225
Saunders, JF, M Murphy, M Clark and ML Lewis. (Oct 2004). The influence of climate variation on the estimation of low flows used to protect water quality: A nationwide assessment. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION , 40(5). 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01590.x
Kaushal, SS and WM Lewis. (Aug 2003). Patterns in the chemical fractionation of organic nitrogen in Rocky Mountain streams. ECOSYSTEMS , 6(5). 10.1007/s10021-003-0175-3
McCutchan, JH, WM Lewis, C Kendall and CC McGrath. (Aug 2003). Variation in trophic shift for stable isotope ratios of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur. OIKOS , 102(2). 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12098.x
Niyogi, DK, WM Lewis and DM McKnight. (Jun 2003). Direct and indirect effects of mine drainage on bacterial processes in mountain streams. JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY , 22(2). 10.2307/1467998
Lewis WM. (Mar 2003). Klamath Basin fishes: Argument is no substitute for evidence. Fisheries , 28(3), 20-25.
Saunders, JF and WM Lewis. (Feb 2003). Implications of climatic variability for regulatory low flows in the South Platte River basin, Colorado. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION , 39(1). 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb01559.x
McCutchan, JH, JF Saunders, AL Pribyl and WM Lewis. (Jan 2003). Open-channel estimation of denitrification. LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS , 1.
Niyogi, DK, DM McKnight and WM Lewis. (Sep 2002). Fungal communities and biomass in mountain streams affected by mine drainage. ARCHIV FUR HYDROBIOLOGIE , 155(2).
Niyogi, DK, WM Lewis and DM McKnight. (Sep 2002). Effects of stress from mine drainage on diversity, biomass, and function of primary producers in mountain streams. ECOSYSTEMS , 5(6). 10.1007/s10021-002-0182-9
McCutchan, JH and WM Lewis. (May 2002). Relative importance of carbon sources for macroinvertebrates in a Rocky Mountain stream. LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY , 47(3). 10.4319/lo.2002.47.3.0742
Lewis, WM. (Apr 2002). Yield of nitrogen from minimally disturbed watersheds of the United States. BIOGEOCHEMISTRY , 57(1). 10.1023/A:1015709128245
Niyogi DK; McKnight D; Lewis Jr WM. (Jan 2002). Effects of mine drainage on breakdown of aspen litter in mountain streams. Water, Air and Soil Pollution , 2, 329-341.
McCutchan, JH, JF Saunders, WM Lewis and MG Hayden. (Jan 2002). Effects of groundwater flux on open-channel estimates of stream metabolism. LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY , 47(1). 10.4319/lo.2002.47.1.0321
Ricard, CS, JM Jakubowski, JW Verbsky, MA Barbieri, WM Lewis, GE Fernandez, M Vogel, C Tsou, V Prasad, PD Stahl, G Waksman and CM Cheney. (Sep 2001). Drosophila rab GDI mutants disrupt development but have normal rab membrane extraction. , 31(1).
Lewis, WM, SK Hamilton, MA Rodriguez, JF Saunders and MA Lasi. (Jun 2001). Foodweb analysis of the Orinoco floodplain based on production estimates and stable isotope data. JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY , 20(2). 10.2307/1468319
Niyogi, DK, WM Lewis and DM McKnight. (Apr 2001). Litter breakdown in mountain streams affected by mine drainage: Biotic mediation of abiotic controls. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS , 11(2). 10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[0506:LBIMSA]2.0.CO;2
Sjodin, A, WM Lewis and JF Saunders. (Mar 2001). Analysis of groundwater exchange for a large plains river in Colorado (USA). HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES , 15(4). 10.1002/hyp.173
Smith, LK, WM Lewis, JP Chanton, G Cronin and SK Hamilton. (Nov 2000). Methane emissions from the Orinoco River floodplain, Venezuela. BIOGEOCHEMISTRY , 51(2). 10.1023/A:1006443429909
Lewis, WM, SK Hamilton, MA Lasi, M Rodriguez and JF Saunders. (Aug 2000). Ecological determinism on the Orinoco floodplain. BIOSCIENCE , 50(8). 10.1641/0006-3568(2000)050[0681:EDOTOF]2.0.CO;2
Lewis WM. (Mar 2000). Basis for the protection and management of tropical lakes. Lakes and Reservoirs: Research and Management , 5(1), 35-48. 10.1046/j.1440-1770.2000.00091.x
Groppo, JG, TL Robl, WM Lewis and CJ McCormick. (Aug 1999). Classification and froth flotation of fly ash for producing high quality pozzolan. , 16(3).
Downing, JA, M McClain, R Twilley, JM Melack, J Elser, NN Rabalais, WM Lewis, RE Turner, J Corredor, D Soto, A Yanez-Arancibia, JA Kopaska and RW Howarth. (Jul 1999). The impact of accelerating land-use change on the N-cycle of tropical aquatic ecosystems: Current conditions and projected changes. BIOGEOCHEMISTRY , 46(3-Jan). 10.1007/BF01007576
Lewis, WM, JM Melack, WH McDowell, M McClain and JE Richey. (Jul 1999). Nitrogen yields from undisturbed watersheds in the Americas. BIOGEOCHEMISTRY , 46(3-Jan). 10.1007/BF01007577
Niyogi, DK, DM McKnight and WM Lewis. (May 1999). Influences of water and substrate quality for periphyton in a montane stream affected by acid mine drainage. LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY , 44(3). 10.4319/lo.1999.44.3_part_2.0804
Skaggs, RL, M Lores, WM Lewis and JW Birks. (Aug 1998). Detection of argon by Penning ionization and competitive absorption using a sensitized photoionization detector. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY , 70(16). 10.1021/ac9802022
McCutchan, JH, WM Lewis and JF Saunders. (Jun 1998). Uncertainty in the estimation of stream metabolism from open-channel oxygen concentrations. JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY , 17(2). 10.2307/1467959
Vavilova, VV and WM Lewis. (Jan 1998). Temporal and altitudinal variations in the attached algae of mountain streams in Colorado. HYDROBIOLOGIA , 390(3-Jan). 10.1023/A:1003526306724
Sjodin, AL, WM Lewis and JF Saunders. (Dec 1997). Denitrification as a component of the nitrogen budget for a large plains river. BIOGEOCHEMISTRY , 39(3). 10.1023/A:1005884117467
Rodriguez, MA and WM Lewis. (Feb 1997). Structure of fish assemblages along environmental gradients in floodplain lakes of the Orinoco River. ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS , 67(1). 10.2307/2963507
Friedman, JM, WR Osterkamp and WM Lewis. (Oct 1996). Channel narrowing and vegetation development following a Great Plains flood. ECOLOGY , 77(7). 10.2307/2265710
Lewis WM. (Jul 1996). Wetlands on the line. Geotimes , 41(7), 5-5.
Arenz, RF, WM Lewis and JF Saunders. (May 1996). Determination of chlorophyll and dissolved organic carbon from reflectance data for Colorado reservoirs. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING , 17(8). 10.1080/01431169608948723
Friedman, JM, WR Osterkamp and WM Lewis. (Jan 1996). The role of vegetation and bed-level fluctuations in the process of channel narrowing. GEOMORPHOLOGY , 14(4). 10.1016/0169-555X(95)00047-9
FRIEDMAN, JM, ML SCOTT and WM LEWIS. (Dec 1995). RESTORATION OF RIPARIAN FOREST USING IRRIGATION, ARTIFICIAL DISTURBANCE, AND NATURAL SEEDFALL. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT , 19(4). 10.1007/BF02471966
LEWIS, WM and JF SAUNDERS. (Jul 1995). IMPROVEMENTS IN STREAM AMMONIA MODELS BY SIMULTANEOUS COMPUTATION OF EXTREMES IN FLOW AND WATER CHEMISTRY. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY , 29(7). 10.1021/es00007a016
Lewis Jr WM; al E. (Jan 1995). Challenges for limnology in North America: an assessment of the discipline in the 1990�s. Bulletin of the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography , 4, 1-20.
RODRIGUEZ, MA and WM LEWIS. (Sep 1994). REGULATION AND STABILITY IN FISH ASSEMBLAGES OF NEOTROPICAL FLOODPLAIN LAKES. OECOLOGIA , 99(2-Jan). 10.1007/BF00317098
SPAK, DR, JM DIPAOLA, WM LEWIS and CE ANDERSON. (Dec 1993). TALL FESCUE SWARD DYNAMICS .2. INFLUENCE OF 4 PLANT-GROWTH REGULATORS. , 33(2).
MUELLER, JP, WM LEWIS, JT GREEN and JC BURNS. (Dec 1993). YIELD AND QUALITY OF SILAGE CORN AS ALTERED BY JOHNSONGRASS INFESTATION. , 85(1).
Smith L; Lewis W. (Dec 1992). SEASONALITY OF METHANE EMISSIONS FROM FIVE LAKES AND ASSOCIATED WETLANDS OF THE COLORADO ROCKIES. Global Biogeochemical Cycles: an international journal of global change , 6(4), 323-338. 10.1029/92GB02016
HAMILTON, SK and WM LEWIS. (Dec 1992). STABLE CARBON AND NITROGEN ISOTOPES IN ALGAE AND DETRITUS FROM THE ORINOCO RIVER FLOODPLAIN, VENEZUELA. GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA , 56(12). 10.1016/0016-7037(92)90264-J
MORRIS, DP and WM LEWIS. (Sep 1992). NUTRIENT LIMITATION OF BACTERIOPLANKTON GROWTH IN LAKE DILLON, COLORADO. LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY , 37(6). 10.4319/lo.1992.37.6.1179
MITTON, JB and WM LEWIS. (Apr 1992). HETEROZYGOSITY AND LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION IN BONY FISHES - RESPONSE. EVOLUTION , 46(2). 10.2307/2409876
HAMILTON, SK, WM LEWIS and SJ SIPPEL. (Mar 1992). ENERGY-SOURCES FOR AQUATIC ANIMALS IN THE ORINOCO RIVER FLOODPLAIN - EVIDENCE FROM STABLE ISOTOPES. OECOLOGIA , 89(3). 10.1007/BF00317409
UNGER, PA and WM LEWIS. (Apr 1991). POPULATION ECOLOGY OF A PELAGIC FISH, XENOMELANIRIS-VENEZUELAE (ATHERINIDAE), IN LAKE VALENCIA, VENEZUELA. ECOLOGY , 72(2). 10.2307/2937186
HAMILTON, SK and WM LEWIS. (Dec 1990). PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FRINGING FLOODPLAIN OF THE ORINOCO RIVER, VENEZUELA. INTERCIENCIA , 15(6).
RODRIGUEZ, MA and WM LEWIS. (Dec 1990). DIVERSITY AND SPECIES COMPOSITION OF FISH COMMUNITIES OF ORINOCO FLOODPLAIN LAKES. NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC RESEARCH , 6(3).
RODRIGUEZ, MA, SE RICHARDSON and WM LEWIS. (Dec 1990). NOCTURNAL BEHAVIOR AND ASPECTS OF THE ECOLOGY OF A DRIFTWOOD CATFISH, ENTOMOCORUS-GAMEROI (AUCHENIPTERIDAE). BIOTROPICA , 22(4). 10.2307/2388565
LEWIS, WM. (Dec 1990). COMPARISONS OF PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS IN TEMPERATE AND TROPICAL LAKES. LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY , 35(8). 10.4319/lo.1990.35.8.1838
LEWIS WM; WEIBEZAHN FH; SAUNDERS JF; HAMILTON SK. (Nov 1990). THE ORINOCO RIVER AS AN ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEM. Interciencia: journal of science and technology of the Americas , 15(6), 346-357.
HAMILTON, SK and WM LEWIS. (Oct 1990). BASIN MORPHOLOGY IN RELATION TO CHEMICAL AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKES ON THE ORINOCO RIVER FLOODPLAIN, VENEZUELA. ARCHIV FUR HYDROBIOLOGIE , 119(4).
HAMILTON, SK, SJ SIPPEL, WM LEWIS and JF SAUNDERS. (Mar 1990). ZOOPLANKTON ABUNDANCE AND EVIDENCE FOR ITS REDUCTION BY MACROPHYTE MATS IN 2 ORINOCO FLOODPLAIN LAKES. JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH , 12(2). 10.1093/plankt/12.2.345
MITTON, JB and WM LEWIS. (Dec 1989). RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN GENETIC-VARIABILITY AND LIFE-HISTORY FEATURES OF BONY FISHES. EVOLUTION , 43(8). 10.2307/2409387
SAUNDERS, JF and WM LEWIS. (Sep 1989). TRANSPORT OF MAJOR SOLUTES AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOLUTE CONCENTRATIONS AND DISCHARGE IN THE APURE RIVER, VENEZUELA. BIOGEOCHEMISTRY , 8(2).
LEWIS, WM. (Jun 1989). FURTHER EVIDENCE FOR ANOMALOUS SIZE SCALING OF RESPIRATION IN PHYTOPLANKTON. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY , 25(2). 10.1111/j.1529-8817.1989.tb00136.x
LEWIS, WM and JF SAUNDERS. (May 1989). CONCENTRATION AND TRANSPORT OF DISSOLVED AND SUSPENDED SUBSTANCES IN THE ORINOCO RIVER. BIOGEOCHEMISTRY , 7(3). 10.1007/BF00004218
TWOMBLY, S and WM LEWIS. (Mar 1989). FACTORS REGULATING CLADOCERAN DYNAMICS IN A VENEZUELAN FLOODPLAIN LAKE. JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH , 11(2). 10.1093/plankt/11.2.317
SAUNDERS, JF and WM LEWIS. (Mar 1989). ZOOPLANKTON ABUNDANCE IN THE LOWER ORINOCO RIVER, VENEZUELA. LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY , 34(2). 10.4319/lo.1989.34.2.0397
SAUNDERS, JF and WM LEWIS. (Dec 1988). DYNAMICS AND CONTROL MECHANISMS IN A TROPICAL ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY (LAKE VALENCIA, VENEZUELA). ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS , 58(4). 10.2307/1942544
MORRIS, DP and WM LEWIS. (Dec 1988). PHYTOPLANKTON NUTRIENT LIMITATION IN COLORADO MOUNTAIN LAKES. FRESHWATER BIOLOGY , 20(3). 10.1111/j.1365-2427.1988.tb00457.x
LEWIS WJ. (Nov 1988). UNCERTAINTY IN PH AND TEMPERATURE CORRECTIONS FOR AMMONIA TOXICITY. Journal - Water Pollution Control Federation , 60(11), 1922-1929.
SAUNDERS, JF and WM LEWIS. (Sep 1988). ZOOPLANKTON ABUNDANCE IN THE CAURA RIVER, VENEZUELA. BIOTROPICA , 20(3). 10.2307/2388235
SAUNDERS, JF and WM LEWIS. (Sep 1988). COMPOSITION AND SEASONALITY OF THE ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY OF LAKE VALENCIA, VENEZUELA. JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH , 10(5). 10.1093/plankt/10.5.957
LEWIS, WM. (Jun 1988). PRIMARY PRODUCTION IN THE ORINOCO RIVER. ECOLOGY , 69(3). 10.2307/1941016
SAUNDERS, JF and WM LEWIS. (May 1988). ZOOPLANKTON ABUNDANCE AND TRANSPORT IN A TROPICAL WHITE-WATER RIVER. HYDROBIOLOGIA , 162(2). 10.1007/BF00014537
SAUNDERS, JF and WM LEWIS. (Jan 1988). TRANSPORT OF PHOSPHORUS, NITROGEN, AND CARBON BY THE APURE RIVER, VENEZUELA. BIOGEOCHEMISTRY , 5(3). 10.1007/BF02180071
HAMILTON, SK and WM LEWIS. (Nov 1987). CAUSES OF SEASONALITY IN THE CHEMISTRY OF A LAKE ON THE ORINOCO RIVER FLOODPLAIN, VENEZUELA. LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY , 32(6). 10.4319/lo.1987.32.6.1277
LUNDBERG, JG, WM LEWIS, JF SAUNDERS and F MAGOLECCIA. (Jul 1987). A MAJOR FOOD WEB COMPONENT IN THE ORINOCO RIVER CHANNEL - EVIDENCE FROM PLANKTIVOROUS ELECTRIC FISHES. SCIENCE , 237(4810). 10.1126/science.237.4810.81
LEWIS, WM and PJ CLARK. (Apr 1987). RAILWAY ELECTRIFICATION - ANGLIA CIVIL ENGINEERING PROJECTS. , 82.
LEVINE, SN and WM LEWIS. (Apr 1987). A NUMERICAL-MODEL OF NITROGEN-FIXATION AND ITS APPLICATION TO LAKE VALENCIA, VENEZUELA. FRESHWATER BIOLOGY , 17(2). 10.1111/j.1365-2427.1987.tb01047.x
SAUNDERS JF; LEWIS WM. (Mar 1987). A PERSPECTIVE ON THE USE OF COHORT ANALYSIS TO OBTAIN DEMOGRAPHIC-DATA FOR COPEPODS. Limnology and Oceanography , 32(2), 511-513. 10.4319/lo.1987.32.2.0511
NETO, JR, CC KOHLER and WM LEWIS. (Jan 1987). WATER REUSE SYSTEM FOR PRODUCTION OF FINGERLING FISHES IN BRAZIL WITH EMPHASIS ON SOUTH-AMERICAN CATFISHES (RHAMDIA-QUELENS AND RHAMDIA-SAPO). , 64(1).
LEWIS, WM. (Jan 1987). TROPICAL LIMNOLOGY. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY AND SYSTEMATICS , 18. 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.18.1.159
LEWIS, WM, SK HAMILTON, SL JONES and DD RUNNELS. (Jan 1987). MAJOR ELEMENT CHEMISTRY, WEATHERING AND ELEMENT YIELDS FOR THE CAURA RIVER DRAINAGE, VENEZUELA. BIOGEOCHEMISTRY , 4(2). 10.1007/BF02180153
LEWIS, WM. (Oct 1986). NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS RUNOFF LOSSES FROM A NUTRIENT-POOR TROPICAL MOIST FOREST. ECOLOGY , 67(5). 10.2307/1938683
CRESSA, C and WM LEWIS. (Oct 1986). ECOLOGICAL ENERGETICS OF CHAOBORUS IN A TROPICAL LAKE. OECOLOGIA , 70(3). 10.1007/BF00379492
LEWIS, WM. (Aug 1986). PHYTOPLANKTON SUCCESSION IN LAKE VALENCIA, VENEZUELA. HYDROBIOLOGIA , 138. 10.1007/BF00027240
LEWIS, WM, T FROST and D MORRIS. (May 1986). STUDIES OF PLANKTONIC BACTERIA IN LAKE VALENCIA, VENEZUELA. ARCHIV FUR HYDROBIOLOGIE , 106(3).
LEWIS, WM, JF SAUNDERS, SN LEVINE and FH WEIBEZAHN. (May 1986). ORGANIC-CARBON IN THE CAURA RIVER, VENEZUELA. LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY , 31(3). 10.4319/lo.1986.31.3.0653
LEWIS, WM and DP MORRIS. (Mar 1986). TOXICITY OF NITRITE TO FISH - A REVIEW. TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY , 115(2). 10.1577/1548-8659(1986)115<183:TONTF>2.0.CO;2
LEWIS, WM. (Feb 1986). EVOLUTIONARY INTERPRETATIONS OF ALLELOCHEMICAL INTERACTIONS IN PHYTOPLANKTON ALGAE. AMERICAN NATURALIST , 127(2). 10.1086/284477
LEWIS, WM. (Jan 1985). PROTOZOAN ABUNDANCES IN THE PLANKTON OF 2 TROPICAL LAKES. ARCHIV FUR HYDROBIOLOGIE , 104(3).
LEWIS, WM. (Jan 1985). WORLD-HEALTH-ORGANIZATION, GUIDELINES ON ORGANIC MICROPOLLUTANTS. , 47(DEC).
MCCARTY, LB, JM DIPAOLA, WM LEWIS and WB GILBERT. (Jan 1985). TALL FESCUE RESPONSE TO PLANT-GROWTH RETARDANTS AND FERTILIZER SOURCES. , 77(3).
LEVINE, SN and WM LEWIS. (Jan 1985). THE HORIZONTAL HETEROGENEITY OF NITROGEN-FIXATION IN LAKE VALENCIA, VENEZUELA. LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY , 30(6). 10.4319/lo.1985.30.6.1240
LEWIS, WM, MC GRANT and SK HAMILTON. (Jan 1985). EVIDENCE THAT FILTERABLE PHOSPHORUS IS A SIGNIFICANT ATMOSPHERIC LINK IN THE PHOSPHORUS CYCLE. OIKOS , 45(3). 10.2307/3565578
LEWIS, WM. (Jan 1985). NUTRIENT SCARCITY AS AN EVOLUTIONARY CAUSE OF HAPLOIDY. AMERICAN NATURALIST , 125(5). 10.1086/284372
Lewis Jr W; Saunders III JF. (Jan 1984). Cross-sectional variation in the chemistry and suspended sediment load of the Orinoco River at Ciudad Bolivar. Biogeochemistry , 35, 382-385.
CRESSA, C and WM LEWIS. (Jan 1984). GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS IN A TROPICAL CHAOBORUS SPECIES AND THEIR ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE. ARCHIV FUR HYDROBIOLOGIE , 100(1).
LEWIS, WM. (Jan 1984). A 5-YEAR RECORD OF TEMPERATURE, MIXING, AND STABILITY FOR A TROPICAL LAKE (LAKE VALENCIA, VENEZUELA). ARCHIV FUR HYDROBIOLOGIE , 99(3).
LEVINE, SN and WM LEWIS. (Jan 1984). DIEL VARIATION OF NITROGEN-FIXATION IN LAKE VALENCIA, VENEZUELA. LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY , 29(4). 10.4319/lo.1984.29.4.0887
LEWIS, WM and SN LEVINE. (Jan 1984). THE LIGHT RESPONSE OF NITROGEN-FIXATION IN LAKE VALENCIA, VENEZUELA. LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY , 29(4). 10.4319/lo.1984.29.4.0894
UNGER, PA, WM LEWIS and DH MCCLEARN. (Jan 1984). NONVISUAL FEEDING IN A VISUAL PLANKTIVORE, XENOMELANIRIS-VENEZUELAE. OECOLOGIA , 64(2). 10.1007/BF00376883
LEWIS, WM, MC GRANT and JF SAUNDERS. (Jan 1984). CHEMICAL-PATTERNS OF BULK ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION IN THE STATE OF COLORADO. WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH , 20(11). 10.1029/WR020i011p01691
EPP, RW and WM LEWIS. (Jan 1984). COST AND SPEED OF LOCOMOTION FOR ROTIFERS. OECOLOGIA , 61(3). 10.1007/BF00379624
LEWIS, WM. (Jan 1984). THE DIATOM SEX CLOCK AND ITS EVOLUTIONARY SIGNIFICANCE. AMERICAN NATURALIST , 123(1). 10.1086/284187
Lewis Jr WM. (Jan 1983). Water Budget of Lake Valencia, Venezuela. Acta Ceint, Venezolana , 34, 248-251.
Lewis Jr WM; Weibezhan FH. (Jan 1983). Phosphorus and nitrogen loading of Lake Valencia. Hydrobiologia , 34, 345-349.
UNGER, PA and WM LEWIS. (Jan 1983). SELECTIVE PREDATION WITH RESPECT TO BODY SIZE IN A POPULATION OF THE FISH XENOMELANIRIS-VENEZUELAE (ATHERINIDAE). ECOLOGY , 64(5). 10.2307/1937824
LEWIS, WM. (Jan 1983). INTERCEPTION OF ATMOSPHERIC FIXED NITROGEN AS AN ADAPTIVE ADVANTAGE OF SCUM FORMATION IN BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY , 19(4). 10.1111/j.0022-3646.1983.00534.x
LEWIS, WM. (Jan 1983). TEMPERATURE, HEAT, AND MIXING IN LAKE VALENCIA, VENEZUELA. LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY , 28(2). 10.4319/lo.1983.28.2.0273
LEWIS, WM. (Jan 1983). COLLECTION OF AIRBORNE MATERIALS BY A WATER-SURFACE. LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY , 28(6). 10.4319/lo.1983.28.6.1242
LEWIS, WM. (Jan 1983). A REVISED CLASSIFICATION OF LAKES BASED ON MIXING. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES , 40(10). 10.1139/f83-207
LEWIS, WM. (Jan 1983). INTERRUPTION OF SYNTHESIS AS A COST OF SEX IN SMALL ORGANISMS. AMERICAN NATURALIST , 121(6). 10.1086/284106
LEWIS, WM and W RIEHL. (Jan 1982). PHYTOPLANKTON COMPOSITION AND MORPHOLOGY IN LAKE-VALENCIA, VENEZUELA. INTERNATIONALE REVUE DER GESAMTEN HYDROBIOLOGIE , 67(3).
GRANT, MC and WM LEWIS. (Jan 1982). CHEMICAL LOADING RATES FROM PRECIPITATION IN THE COLORADO ROCKIES. TELLUS , 34(1).
LEWIS, WM. (Jan 1982). VERTICAL EDDY DIFFUSIVITIES IN A LARGE TROPICAL LAKE. LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY , 27(1). 10.4319/lo.1982.27.1.0161
LEWIS, WM. (Jan 1982). CHANGES IN PH AND BUFFERING CAPACITY OF LAKES IN THE COLORADO ROCKIES. LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY , 27(1). 10.4319/lo.1982.27.1.0167
LEWIS, WM and F WEIBEZAHN. (Jan 1981). THE CHEMISTRY AND PHYTOPLANKTON OF THE ORINOCO AND CARONI RIVERS, VENEZUELA. ARCHIV FUR HYDROBIOLOGIE , 91(4).
LEWIS, WM and FH WEIBEZAHN. (Jan 1981). ACID-RAIN AND MAJOR SEASONAL-VARIATION OF HYDROGEN-ION LOADING IN A TROPICAL WATERSHED. ACTA CIENTIFICA VENEZOLANA , 32(3).
SMITH, KM and WM LEWIS. (Jan 1981). PARTIAL SYNTHESIS OF CHLOROPHYLL-A FROM RHODOCHLORIN. , 37(Suppl. 9).
LEWIS, WM and JI WADDINGTON. (Jan 1981). WHO INTERNATIONAL DRINKING-WATER STANDARDS REVISED. , 18(APR).
LEWIS, WM and MC GRANT. (Jan 1981). EFFECT OF THE MAY-JUNE MOUNT ST-HELENS ERUPTIONS ON PRECIPITATION CHEMISTRY IN CENTRAL COLORADO. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT , 15(9). 10.1016/0004-6981(81)90136-0
BRADBURY, JP, B LEYDEN, M SALGADOLABOURIAU, WM LEWIS, C SCHUBERT, MW BINFORD, DG FREY, DR WHITEHEAD and FH WEIBEZAHN. (Jan 1981). LATE QUATERNARY ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY OF LAKE VALENCIA, VENEZUELA. SCIENCE , 214(4527). 10.1126/science.214.4527.1299
EPP, RW and WM LEWIS. (Jan 1981). PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN COPEPODS. SCIENCE , 214(4527). 10.1126/science.214.4527.1349
LEWIS, WM. (Jan 1981). PRECIPITATION CHEMISTRY AND NUTRIENT LOADING BY PRECIPITATION IN A TROPICAL WATERSHED. WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH , 17(1). 10.1029/WR017i001p00169
LEWIS, WM and FH WEIBEZAHN. (Jan 1981). CHEMISTRY OF A 7.5-M SEDIMENT CORE FROM LAKE VALENCIA, VENEZUELA. LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY , 26(5). 10.4319/lo.1981.26.5.0907
SMITH, KM, JAP BAPTISTADEALMEIDA and WM LEWIS. (Jan 1980). STUDIES OF SPIRO-CHLORIN FORMATION USING PORPHYRIN AMIDES. , 17(3).
LEWIS, WM and MC GRANT. (Jan 1980). RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SNOW COVER AND WINTER LOSSES OF DISSOLVED SUBSTANCES FROM A MOUNTAIN WATERSHED. ARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH , 12(1). 10.2307/1550586
EPP, RW and WM LEWIS. (Jan 1980). THE NATURE AND ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF METABOLIC CHANGES DURING THE LIFE-HISTORY OF COPEPODS. ECOLOGY , 61(2). 10.2307/1935183
EPP, RW and WM LEWIS. (Jan 1980). METABOLIC UNIFORMITY OVER THE ENVIRONMENTAL-TEMPERATURE RANGE IN BRACHIONUS-PLICATILIS (ROTIFERA). HYDROBIOLOGIA , 73(3-Jan). 10.1007/BF00019439
LEWIS, WM and MC GRANT. (Jan 1980). EFFECT OF URBAN SOURCES ON ACID PRECIPITATION IN THE WESTERN UNITED-STATES - REPLY. SCIENCE , 210(4473). 10.1126/science.210.4473.1043
LEWIS, WM and MC GRANT. (Jan 1980). ACID PRECIPITATION IN THE WESTERN UNITED-STATES. SCIENCE , 207(4427). 10.1126/science.207.4427.176
DEINFANTE, A, O INFANTE, M MARQUEZ, WM LEWIS and FH WEIBEZAHN. (Jan 1979). CONDITIONS LEADING TO MASS MORTALITY OF FISH AND ZOOPLANKTON IN LAKE VALENCIA VENEZUELA. ACTA CIENTIFICA VENEZOLANA , 30(1).
LEWIS, WM and JF SAUNDERS. (Jan 1979). 2 NEW INTEGRATING SAMPLERS FOR ZOOPLANKTON, PHYTOPLANKTON, AND WATER CHEMISTRY. ARCHIV FUR HYDROBIOLOGIE , 85(2).
EPP, RW and WM LEWIS. (Jan 1979). SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN BRACHIONUS-PLICATILIS (ROTIFERA) - EVOLUTIONARY AND ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE. EVOLUTION , 33(3). 10.2307/2407655
EPP, RW and WM LEWIS. (Jan 1979). METABOLIC RESPONSES TO TEMPERATURE-CHANGE IN A TROPICAL FRESHWATER COPEPOD (MESOCYCLOPS-BRASILIANUS) AND THEIR ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE. OECOLOGIA , 42(2). 10.1007/BF00344853
LEWIS, WM and MC GRANT. (Jan 1979). RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN STREAM DISCHARGE AND YIELD OF DISSOLVED SUBSTANCES FROM A COLORADO MOUNTAIN WATERSHED. SOIL SCIENCE , 128(6). 10.1097/00010694-197912000-00007
LEWIS, WM and MC GRANT. (Jan 1979). CHANGES IN THE OUTPUT OF IONS FROM A WATERSHED AS A RESULT OF THE ACIDIFICATION OF PRECIPITATION. ECOLOGY , 60(6). 10.2307/1936955
LEWIS WM; WEIBEZAHN FH. (Jan 1978). CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF A DEEP-WATER CORE FROM LAKE VALENCIA. Acta cientifica venezolana , 29, 130-130.
LEWIS, WM. (Jan 1978). COMPARISON OF TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL VARIATION IN ZOOPLANKTON OF A LAKE BY MEANS OF VARIANCE COMPONENTS. ECOLOGY , 59(4).
LEWIS, WM. (Jan 1978). SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION OF THE PHYTOPLANKTON IN A TROPICAL LAKE (LAKE LANAO, PHILIPPINES). INTERNATIONALE REVUE DER GESAMTEN HYDROBIOLOGIE , 63(5). 10.1002/iroh.19780630508
LEWIS, WM. (Jan 1978). DYNAMICS AND SUCCESSION OF THE PHYTOPLANKTON IN A TROPICAL LAKE - LAKE LANAO, PHILIPPINES. JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY , 66(3). 10.2307/2259300
LEWIS, WM. (Jan 1978). COMPOSITIONAL, PHYTOGEOGRAPHICAL AND ELEMENTARY STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN A TROPICAL LAKE - LAKE LANAO, PHILIPPINES. JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY , 66(1). 10.2307/2259189
LEWIS, WM and MC GRANT. (Jan 1978). SAMPLING AND CHEMICAL INTERPRETATION OF PRECIPITATION FOR MASS BALANCE STUDIES. WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH , 14(6). 10.1029/WR014i006p01098
LEWIS, WM. (Jan 1978). ANALYSIS OF SUCCESSION IN A TROPICAL PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITY AND A NEW MEASURE OF SUCCESSION RATE. AMERICAN NATURALIST , 112(984). 10.1086/283282
LEWIS, WM and D CANFIELD. (Jan 1977). DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON IN SOME DARK VENEZUELAN WATERS AND A REVISED EQUATION FOR SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON. ARCHIV FUR HYDROBIOLOGIE , 79(4).
EIVAZI, F, WM LEWIS and KM SMITH. (Jan 1977). FRAGMENTATION REACTIONS OF BILINDIONES. (35).
LEWIS, WM. (Jan 1977). ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SHAPES OF ABUNDANCE-FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS FOR COEXISTING PHYTOPLANKTON SPECIES. ECOLOGY , 58(4). 10.2307/1936220
LEWIS, WM. (Jan 1977). NET GROWTH-RATE THROUGH TIME AS AN INDICATOR OF ECOLOGICAL SIMILARITY AMONG PHYTOPLANKTON SPECIES. ECOLOGY , 58(1). 10.2307/1935116
LEWIS, WM. (Jan 1977). FEEDING SELECTIVITY OF A TROPICAL CHAOBORUS POPULATION. FRESHWATER BIOLOGY , 7(4). 10.1111/j.1365-2427.1977.tb01679.x
LEWIS, WM. (Jan 1977). COMMENTS ON ANALYSIS OF GRAZING IN LAKE ERKEN. LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY , 22(5). 10.4319/lo.1977.22.5.0966
LEWIS, WM. (Jan 1976). OBSERVATIONS ON SUPERFICIAL SEDIMENT TEMPERATURES OF SOME LAKES IN SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES. FRESHWATER BIOLOGY , 6(1). 10.1111/j.1365-2427.1976.tb01590.x
LEWIS, WM. (Jan 1976). SURFACE/VOLUME RATIO - IMPLICATIONS FOR PHYTOPLANKTON MORPHOLOGY. SCIENCE , 192(4242). 10.1126/science.192.4242.885
Lewis Jr WM. (Jan 1975). A theoretical comparison of the attenuation of light energy and quanta in waters of divergent optical properties. Arch. Hydrobiol. , 75, 235-296.
Lewis Jr WM. (Jan 1975). Distribution and feeding habits of a tropical Chaoborus population. Internationale Vereinigung f�r Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie: Verhandlungen , 19, 3106-3119. 10.1080/03680770.1974.11896420
LEWIS, WM. (Jan 1975). THEORETICAL COMPARISON OF ATTENUATION OF LIGHT ENERGY AND QUANTA IN WATERS OF DIVERGENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES. ARCHIV FUR HYDROBIOLOGIE , 75(3).
SATCHELL, DP, SD CRAWFORD and WM LEWIS. (Jan 1975). STATUS OF SEDIMENT FROM CATFISH PRODUCTION PONDS AS A FERTILIZER AND SOIL CONDITIONER. PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST , 37(4).
Lewis Jr WM; Aiken S. (Jan 1974). An analysis of surface slicks in a reservoir receiving heated effluent. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie , 74(3), 304-315.
Lewis Jr WM. (Jan 1974). Primary Production in the Plankton Community of a Tropical Lake. Ecological Monographs , 44(4), 374-409.
Lewis Jr WM. (Jan 1974). Effects of Fire on Nutrient Movement in a South Carolina Pine Forest. Ecology , 55(5), 1120-1127.
LEWIS, WM and JA TYBURCZY. (Jan 1974). AMOUNTS AND SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF DISSOLVED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FROM SOME FRESHWATERS OF SOUTHEASTERN US. , 74(1).
LEWIS, WM. (Jan 1974). PRIMARY PRODUCTION IN PLANKTON COMMUNITY OF A TROPICAL LAKE. , 44(4).
LEWIS, WM. (Jan 1974). ANALYSIS OF SURFACE SLICKS IN A RESERVOIR RECEIVING HEATED EFFLUENT. ARCHIV FUR HYDROBIOLOGIE , 74(3).
LEWIS, WM. (Jan 1974). EFFECTS OF FIRE ON NUTRIENT MOVEMENT IN A SOUTH-CAROLINA PINE FOREST. , 55(5).
Lewis WM. (Jan 1973). A Limnological Survey of Lake Mainit, Philippines. International Review of Hydrobiology , 58(6), 801-818. 10.1002/iroh.19730580603
LEWIS, WM. (Jan 1973). THERMAL REGIME OF LAKE LANAO (PHILIPPINES) AND ITS THEORETICAL IMPLICATIONS FOR TROPICAL LAKES. , 18(2). 10.4319/lo.1973.18.2.0200
COPE, WA, TW WALDREP, DS CHAMBLEE and WM LEWIS. (Jan 1973). EVALUATION OF HERBICIDES IN ESTABLISHMENT OF ALFALFA, LADINO WHITE CLOVER, AND CROWNVETCH. , 65(5).
LEWIS, WM. (Jan 1970). MORPHOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS OF CYPRINODONTOIDS FOR INHABITING OXYGEN DEFICIENT WATERS. (2).