Global Health Group
Developing New Inhalable Aerosol Vaccines
Funding: Aktiv-Dry LLC, FNIH, NIH and the CIRES Innovative Research Program
The Global Health Group of CIRES is led by Robert Sievers and Stephen Cape, with the participation of CIRES graduate students, David McAdams and J’aime Manion and an undergraduate, Nisha Shah. Further continued progress was made in the development of needle-free delivery systems for vaccines and pharmaceuticals that take advantage of microparticles for inhalation immunization, or, following compression into small pellet lozenges, can be administered sublingually under the tongue.
Media coverage of our work:
CBS News: Inhalable Measles Vaccine Seen as Treatment Boon
University of Colorado: New Inhalable Measles Vaccine May Lead to Vaccines for Other Diseases
Group Projects: Developing New Inhalable Aerosol Vaccines
Measles Vaccine
Our team has reformulated the injectable Edmonston-Zagreb live attenuated measles virus vaccine, replacing sorbitol with myo-inositol to create an inhalable aerosol measles vaccine. Our patented CAN-BD® process was used to produce micronized measles vaccine dry powder with residual moisture levels of 0.3-1.3 percent. The dry powder vaccine is stable for at least 2 years at 2-8 ˚C and shows less than 1 log loss of virus infectivity at 37 ˚C for seven days.
Our team has learned that inhaled myo-inositol powders and the new dry powder aerosol vaccine are not toxic in two animal models. Our team also determined that, fourteen months after groups of Rhesus macaques were immunized by at-liberty inhalation of the new vaccine aerosols through facemasks, they were fully protected from infection when challenged with wild-type measles virus.
The team has developed two simple, low-cost active dry powder inhalers (DPIs).
Plans have been made to start Phase I human clinical trials in the summer of 2010 after Indian regulatory approval is received. Presently several hundred children die each day in India from measles-related disease. Ten percent of all pre-school deaths in Indian children are still caused directly and indirectly by measles. In the improved CU-developed vaccine, the dry aerosolized and inhaled microparticles rapidly dissolve in the aqueous film in respiratory tracts, so no purified water for injection is needed. The dry powders are individually sealed in peelable blister packs or rupturable capsules to avoid bacterial contamination sometimes encountered when using multi-dose vials.
Oral and sublingual Delivery Methods
Work has also begun to synthesize and compress microparticles into wafers for oral and sublingual delivery. Aerosols of Kanamycin and other tuberculosis antibiotics were also synthesized and characterized in 2009.
HPV vaccine delivery of aerosols and dry powders
A 2010 CIRES Innovative Research Program grant helps us begin the work to prepare fine dry powders of a new vaccine against human papillomavirus (HPV). Despite the remarkable efficacy of the present HPV vaccines, their cost (approx. $360 for the initial three dose series) is prohibitive in low-resource settings. Furthermore, the current vaccines are injectable and require refrigeration, which also severely complicate effective delivery in resource-poor areas. Read more about this Innovative Research Program grant.
Members of the Global Health Group
Robert E. Sievers
Professor of Chemistry, emeritus
For more than 40 years the Sievers research group has conducted fundamental and applied studies in the areas of environmental and analytical chemistry.
