Study of Organic Aerosols at Riverside (SOAR) 2005

Index

• Introduction
  
  
• Journal Papers Focusing on / Including Results from SOAR
  
  
• SOAR AAAR-2008 Presentations
  
  
• SOAR AAAR-2007 Presentations
  
  
• SOAR AAAR-IAC Presentations
  
  
• Results of Previous Studies for the LA Area
  
  
• Participating Groups and Their Measurements
  
  
• Other Participants, Studies, and Data
  
  
• Some Relevant References and Links
  
  
• FTP Site for Information Sharing
  
  
• SOAR/UC Riverside Logistical Information
  
  
• Non-AMS Data
  
  

Introduction

The Study of Organic Aerosols at Riverside (SOAR) was an EPA and CARB-funded field study of organic aerosol composition that took place in two phases: SOAR-1 July-Aug. 2005, and SOAR-2 in Oct.-Nov. 2005, on the campus of the University of California-Riverside. The purpose of this page is to serve as a repository of information about the study.

Some of the objectives of the SOAR study were:

1. The characterization of the composition and sources of the ambient organic aerosol by a variety of state-of-the-art instrumentation and source apportionment techniques.
2. The intercomparison of several the organic analysis techniques as a way to better understand both the organic aerosol and the analysis techniques
3. The field demonstration of some new instruments such as the high m/z resolution AMS, the Vacuum Ultraviolet Ionization (VUV) AMS, and the dual-channel Sunset EC/OC analyzer.
4. The characterization of the quantification of the organic and total submicron aerosol by combining the data from many different instruments operating on different principles.
5. The study of the closure between the light scattering, hygroscopicity, and cloud nucleation (CCN) measured aerosol properties, and those calculated from the aerosol composition and size distribution.

The email list riverside05@lists.colorado.edu has been set up to serve as the channel for communication between the participants of the study. Everyone in the table below should be subscribed to the list. Note that to avoid spam, only people subscribed to the list can send messages to it (and only from the address from which they are subscribed). If you want to remove yourself from the list, just send a message to listproc@lists.colorado.edu with a blank subject and the following text in the body of the message: delete riverside05. You should receive a confirmation message shortly afterwards.

This page is maintained by Ken Docherty and Jose-Luis Jimenez. Please email us at kenneth.docherty@colorado.edu and jose.jimenez@colorado.edu with any corrections or additions to this page.

Dates for SOAR-1

• Monday July 11: set-up of the instrumentation + sampling lines starts. Several instruments will start sampling continuously during this week.
• July 18: begin continuous sampling for all instrumentation
• Week of July 25: chamber experiments & ambient sampling
• Aug 14: last day of ambient sampling
• Aug 15: pack instrumentation and drive away

Location

The LA area, and Riverside county specifically, are classed as the most polluted areas in the US for short term and long term PM by the American Lung Association.

The measurements took place in Paul Ziemann's lab at the Air Pollution Research Center of the University of California-Riverside. Paul is located in "Trailer 7", which is a building rather than a trailer, and is located between buildings 275 and 367, towards the southwest corner of the campus map. Here is a map of the UCR campus, as well as directions to the campus.

We carried out continuous ambient sampling for this period, plus selected runs in which we sampled from Paul's smog chamber at various stages of SOA reactions with different precursors.

Funding for the Study

This study was partially supported by EPA through STAR grants R831080, RD-83216101-0, and (maybe) R831077. EPA also funded the Southern California Supersite through grant R82735201. CARB funded the simultaneous CAP study through Contract No.98-316.

Journal Papers Focusing on / Including Results from SOAR

1. Geller, M., S. Biswas, and C. Sioutas, Determination of Particle Effective Density in Urban Environments with a Differential Mobility Analyzer and Aerosol Particle Mass Analyzer, Aerosol Science and Technology, 40(9): 709-723, 2006. paper (March 5, 2006)
   
   
2. Reemtsma T., A. These, P. Venkatachari, X. Xia, P.K. Hopke, A. Springer, M. Linschied, Identification of Fulvic Acids and Sulfated and Nitrated Analogues in Atmospheric Aerosol by Electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry, Analytical Chemistry, 78(24): 8299-8304, 2006. paper (October 2, 2006)
   
   
3. Zhang, Q., J.L. Jimenez, M.R. Canagaratna, J.D. Allen, H. Coe, I. Ulbrich, M.R. Alfarra, A. Takami, A.M. Middlebrook, Y. Sun, K. Dzepina, E. Dunlea, K. Docherty, P.F. Decarlo, D. Salcedo, T. Onasch, J.T. Jayne, T. Miyoshi, A. Shimono, S. Hatakeyama, N. Takegawa, Y. Kondo, J. Schneider, F. Drewnick, S. Borrman, S. Weimer, K. Dermerjian, P. Williams, K. Bower, R. Bahreini, L. Cottrell, R.J. Griffin, J. Rautaininen, J.Y. Sun, Y.M. Zhang, and D. Worsnop, Ubiquity and Dominance of Oxygenated Species in Organic Aerosols in Anthropogenically-influenced Northern Hemisphere Midlatitudes, Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L13801, doi:10.1029, 2007. paper (October 2, 2006)
   Figures 1 & 2 in Powerpoint, and Data in Excel Format.
   
   
4. DeCarlo P.F., J.R. Kimmel, A. Trimborn, M.J. Northway, J.T. Jayne, A.C. Aiken, M. Gonin, K. Fuhrer, T. Horvath, K.S. Docherty, D.R. Worsnop, and J.L. Jimenez, Field-Deployable, High-Resolution, Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer, Analytical Chemistry, 78(24): 8281-8289, 2006. paper (November 11, 2006)
   
   
5. Spencer, M.T., L.G. Shields, and K.A. Prather, Simultaneous Measurement of the Effective Density and Chemical Composition of Ambient Aerosol Particles, Environmental Science & Technology, 41(4): 1303-1309, 2007. paper (January 17, 2007)
   
   
6. Snyder, D.C. and J.J. Schauer, An Inter-Comparison of Two Black Carbon Aerosol Instruments and a Semi-Continuous Elemental Carbon Instrument in the Urban Environment, Aerosol Science and Technology, 41(5): 463-474, 2007. paper (May 1, 2007)
   
   
7. Denkenberger, K.A., R.C. Moffet, J.C. Holecek, T.P. Rebotier, and K.A. Prather, Real-time, Single-particle Measurements of Oligomers in Aged Ambient Aerosol Particles, Environmental Science & Technology, 41(15): 5439-5446, 2007. paper (July 3, 2007)
   
   
8. Eatough, D.J., B.D. Grover, W.R. Woolwine, N.L. Eatough, K.A. Prather, L.Shields, X.Qin, K.Denkenberger, R.Long, and R. Farber, Source apportionment of 1-hr semi-continuous data during the 2005 Study of Organic Aerosols in Riverside (SOAR) using positive matrix factorization, Atmospheric Environment, 42, 2706-2719, 2008. Paper (July 27, 2007)
   
   
9. Grover, B.D., N.L. Eatough, W.R. Woolwine, J.P. Cannon, D.J. Eatough, R.W. Long, Semi-Continuous Mass Closure of the Major Components of Fine Particulate Matter in Riverside, CA, Atmospheric Environment, 42(2): 250-260, 2008. paper (September 15, 2007)
   
   
10. Peltier, R.E., R.J. Weber, and A.P. Sullivan, Investigating a method for online OC detection with a Particle-Into-Liquid Sampler, Aerosol Science and Technology, 41(12): 1117-1127, 2007. paper (December 1, 2007)
    
    
11. Shields, L.G.; X. Qin; S.M. Toner; K.A. Prather, Detection of Ambient Ultrafine Aerosols by Single Particle Techniques During the SOAR 2005 Campaign, Aerosol Science and Technology, 42(8): 674-684, 2008. paper (August 1, 2008)
    
    
12. Moffet, R.C., X. Qin, T. Rebotier, H. Furutani, K.A. Prather, Chemically Segregated Optical and Microphysical Properties of Ambient Aerosols Measured in a Single Particle Mass Spectrometer, Journal of Geophysical Research, 113, D12213, doi:10.1029/2007JD009393. Paper (March 19, 2008)
    
    
13. Cubison, M.J., B. Ervens, G. Feingold, K. Docherty, I. Ulbrich, L. Shields, K. Prather, S. Hering and J.L. Jimenez, The Influence of Chemical Composition and Mixing State of Los Angeles Urban Aerosol on CCN number and Cloud Properties, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 8, 5649-5667, 2008. Abstract and PDF (September 26, 2008)
    
    
14. Snyder, D.S., T.R. Dallman, J.J. Schauer, T. Holloway, M.J. Kleeman, M.D. Geller, and C. Sioutas Direct Observation of the Break-up of a Nocturnal Inversion Layer using Elemental Mercury as a Tracer. Geophysical Research Letters, 35, L17812, doi:10.1029/2008GL034840. Paper
    
    
15. Docherty, K.S., E.A. Stone, I.M. Ulbrich, P.F. DeCarlo, D.C. Snyder, J.J. Schauer, R.E. Peltier, R.J. Weber, S.M. Murphy, J.H. Seinfeld, D.J. Eatough, and J.L. Jimenez, Apportionment of Primary and Secondary Organic Aerosols in Southern California during the 2005 Study of Organic Aerosols in Riverside (SOAR). Environmental Science & Technology, 42, 7655�7662, doi: 10.1021/es8008166, 2008. PDF and Supp. Info.
    
    
16. Lida, K., M.R. Stolzenburg, P.H. McMurray, J.N. Smith, F.R. Quant, D.R. Oberreit, P.B. Keady, A. Eiguren-Fernandez, G.S. Lewis, N.M. Kreisberg, and S.V. Hering. An Ultrafine, Water-Based Condensation Particle Counter and its Evaluation Under Field Conditions. Aerosol Science and Technology, 42(10), 862-871, 2008. Paper. (October 1, 2008)
    
    
    
17. Kreisberg, N.M., S.V. Hering, B.J. Williams, D.R. Worton, and A.H. Goldstein. Quantification of Hourly Speciated Organic Compounds in Atmospheric Aerosols, Measured by an In-Situ Thermal Desorption Aerosol Gas Chromatograph (TAG). Aerosol Science and Technology, 43(1), 38-52, 2009. DOI: 10.1080/02786820802459583 Paper (January 1, 2009)
    
    
18. Huffman, J.A., Docherty, K.S., Aiken, A.C., Cubison, M.J., Ulbrich, I.M., DeCarlo, P.F., Sueper, D., Jayne, J.T., Worsnop, D.R., Ziemann, P.J., Jimenez, J.L., Chemically-Resolved Aerosol Volatility Measurements from Two Megacity Field Studies. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, Submitted, November, 2008
    
    
19. K.S. Docherty, et al., Characterization of Ambient Southern California Submicron Organic Aerosol using Positive Matrix Factorization of High Resolution Aerosol Mass Spectra. In preparation.
    
    
20. Pratt, K.A., J.E. Mayer, J.C. Holecek, R.C. Moffet, R.O. Sanchez, T.P. Rebotier, H. Furutani, M. Gonin, K. Fuhrer, Y. Su, S. Guazzotti, and K.A. Prather. Development and Characterization of an Aircraft Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer. Analytical Chemistry, ASAP DOI: 10.1021/ac801942r Paper (January 28, 2009)
    
    
21. Gentner, D.R., R.A. Harley, A.M. Miller, and A.H. Goldstein. Diurnal and Seasonal Variability of Gasoline-Related Volatile Organic Compound Emission in Riverside, California. Environmental Science and Technology, 43(12), 4247-4252, 2009. DOI: 10.1021/es9006228 Paper (June 15, 2009)
    
    
22. Stone, E.A., J. Zhou, D.C. Snyder, A.P. Rutter, M. Mieritz, and J.J. Schaur. A Comparison of Summertime Secondary Organic Aerosol Source Contributions at Contrasting Urban Locations. Environmental Science and Technology, 43(10), 3448-3454, 2009. DOI: 10.1021/es8025209 Paper (January 28, 2009)
    
    
23. Pratt, K.A., L.E. Hatch, and K.A. Prather. Seasonal Volatility Dependence of Ambient Particle Phase Amines. Environmental Science and Technology, 43(14), 5276-5281, 2009. DOI: 10.1021/es803189n Paper (July 15, 2009)
    
    
24. Eatough, D.J. and R. Farber. Apportioning Visibility Degradation to Sources of PM_2.5 Using Positive Matrix Factorization. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Associateion, 59, 1092-1110, 2009. DOI: 10.3155/1047-3289.59.9.1092 Paper. (September 1, 2009)
    
    
25. Stone, E.A., C.J. Hedman, R.J. Sheesley, M.M. Shafer,and J.J. Schauer. Investigating the Chemical Nature of Humic-like Substances (HULIS) in North American Atmospheric Aerosols by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Atmospheric Environment, 43(27), 4205-4213, 2009. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.05.030 Paper (September 1, 2009)
    
    
26. Gentner, D.R., A.M. Miller, and A.H. Goldstein. Seasonal Variability in Anthropogenic Halocarbon Emissions. Environmental Science and Technology, 44(14), 5377-5382, 2010. DOI: 10.1021/es1005362 Paper (July 15, 2010)
    
    
27. Sheesley, R.J., J.T. DeMinter, M. Meiritz, D.C. Snyder, and J.J. Schauer. Temporal Trends in Motor Vehicle and Secondary Organic Tracers Using in Situ Methylation Thermal Desorption GCMS. Environmental Science and Technology, 44(24), 9398-9404, 2010. DOI: 10.1021/es102301t Paper (December 15, 2010)
    
    

SOAR AAAR 2008 Presentations

• CHARACTERIZATION OF AMBIENT SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ORGANIC AEROSOLS DURING THE 2005 STUDY OF ORGANIC AEROSOLS IN RIVERSIDE (SOAR-1) CAMPAIGN USING POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION OF HIGH RESOLUTION AEROSOL MASS SPECTRA. KENNETH S. DOCHERTY, John A. Huffman, Ingrid M. Ulbrich, Peter F. DeCarlo, Allison C. Aiken, Michael J. Cubison, Edward J. Dunlea, and Jose L. Jimenez, University of Colorado, Boulder; Donna Seuper and J.R. Kimmel, Aerodyne Research Incorporated; Elizabeth A. Stone, David C. Snyder, and James J. Schauer, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Richard E. Peltier and Rodney J. Weber, Georgia Institute of Technology; Brett D. Grover and Delbert J. Eatough, Brigham Young University; Shane M. Murphy and John H. Seinfeld, California Institute of Technology; Brent J. Williams, Megan McKay, and Allen Goldstein, University of California, Berkeley.
• EFFECT OF VAPORIZER TEMPERATURE ON AMBIENT HIGH-RESOLUTION TIME-OF-FLIGHT AEROSOL MASS SPECTROMETER ORGANIC MASS SPECTRA. KENNETH S. DOCHERTY, John A. Huffman, and Jose L. Jimenez, University of Colorado, Boulder.
• ANALYSIS OF POLAR COMPOUNDS BY METHYLATION AND SILYLATION-THERMAL DESORPTION GCMS WITH TIME-OF-DAY RESOLUTION FOR RIVERSIDE AND FRESNO. REBECCA J SHEESLEY, David C Snyder, and James J. Schauer, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Jeff DeMinter and Mark Mieritz, University of Wisconsin; Michael J Kleeman, University of California, Davis.

SOAR AAAR 2007 Presentations

• HOURLY MEASUREMENTS OF ORGANIC MARKER COMPOUNDS USING AN IN-SITU THERMAL DESORPTION AEROSOL GAS CHROMATROGRAPH (TAG)., BRENT WILLIAMS, Allen Goldstein, University of California, Berkeley, CA; Nathan Kreisberg, Susanne Hering, Aerosol Dynamics Inc., Berkeley, CA, Ken Docherty, Jose Jimenez, University of Colorado, Boulder

SOAR AAAR-IAC 2006 Presentations

• SPECIATED ORGANIC AEROSOL COMPOSITION AT RIVERSIDE, CA DURING SOAR 2005 USING THERMAL DESORPTION AEROSOL GC-MS-FID (TAG), BRENT WILLIAMS, Allen Goldstein, University of California, Berkeley, CA; Nathan Kreisberg, Susanne Hering, Aerosol Dynamics Inc., Berkeley, CA (p.1473)
• ORGANIC AEROSOLS DURING THE 2005 STUDY OF ORGANIC AEROSOLS IN RIVERSIDE (SOAR) CAMPAIGN, KENNETH S. DOCHERTY, Jose L. Jimenez, Joel R. Kimmel, Michael J. Cubison, Edward J. Dunlea, Qi Zhang, Peter DeCarlo, J. Alex Huffman, Allison C. Aiken, Ingrid Ulbrich, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder; David Snyder, James J. Schauer, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Richard E. Peltier, Rodney J. Weber, School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology; Brett Grover, Delbert J. Eatough, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University; Paul J. Ziemann, Air Pollution Research Center, Department of Environmental Sciences, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside (p.1475)
• SEASONAL VARIATION IN AEROSOL SOURCES AND COMPOSITION IN RIVERSIDE, CA DURING THE SUMMER AND FALL DURING SOAR I AND II, KIMBERLY A. PRATHER, Xueying Qin, Laura Shields, Thomas Rebotier, and Kerri Denkenberger, Stephen Toner (p.1778)
• CHARACTERIZATION OF THE AMBIENT SEMIVOLATILE AND NON-VOLATILE AEROSOL BY ATOFMS AT THE STUDY OF ORGANIC AEROSOLS IN RIVERSIDE (SOAR) I AND II, KERRI A. DENKENBERGER, Kimberly A. Prather, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA; J. Alex Huffman, Jose L. Jimenez, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO (p.1036)
• IMPACT OF VAPORIZER TEMPERATURE ON THE THERMAL DESORPTION AND MASS SPECTRA OF AMBIENT AND CHAMBER GENERATED SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOLS, KENNETH S. DOCHERTY, Jose L. Jimenez, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder; Paul J. Ziemann, Air Pollution Research Center, Department of Environmental Sciences, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside (p.366)
• THERMODENUDER-AERODYNE AEROSOL MASS SPECTROMETER SYSTEM: LAB CHARACTERIZATION AND INITIAL FIELD DEPLOYMENT RESULTS, J. ALEX HUFFMAN, Jose L. Jimenez, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Paul J. Ziemann, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, John T. Jayne, Doug R. Worsnop, Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA (p.502)
• COMPONENT ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC AEROSOLS IN URBAN, RURAL, AND REMOTE ATMOSPHERES BASED ON AEROSOL MASS SPECTROMETRY, QI ZHANG, Atmospheric Science Research Center, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12203, USA; Jose-Luis Jimenez, Katja Dzepina, Edward Dunlea, Kenneth Docherty, Dept. Chemistry and CIRES, University of Colorado-Boulder, CO, USA; James Allan, M. Rami Alfarra, Paul Williams, Hugh Coe, Keith Bower, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manjula Canagaratna, Timothy Onasch, John Jayne, Douglas Worsnop, Aerodyne Research Inc, Billerica, MA, USA; Akinori Takami, Takao Miyoshi, Shiro Hatakeyama, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Akio Shimono, Sanyu Plant Service Co., LTD., Kanagawa, 229-1132 Japan; Silke Weimer, PSI, Switzerland; Ken Demerjian, Atmospheric Science Research Center, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA; Frank Drewnick, Max Planck-Mainz, Germany; Nobu Takegawa, Yukata Kondo, University of Tokyo, Japan; Ann Middlebrook, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, USA; and Roya Bahreini, NOAA ESRL/Chemical Sciences Division & CIRES USA (p.1143)
• DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGH MASS RESOLUTION TIME OF FLIGHT AEROSOL MASS SPECTROMETER, PETER DECARLO, Joel Kimmel, Allison Aiken, Jose- Luis Jimenez, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO; Achim Trimborn, John Jayne, Doug Worsnop, Aerodyne Research Inc. Billerica, MA; Marc Gonin, Katrin Furher, Thomas Horvath, Tofwerk, Thun, Switzerland (p.454)
• ACTIVATION OF LOS ANGELES URBAN AEROSOL, MICHAEL J. CUBISON, Kenneth Docherty, Peter DeCarlo, Ingrid Ulbrich, Edward Dunlea, Alex Huffman, Jose L. Jimenez, University of Colorado, CO; Barbara Ervens, Graham Feingold, NOAA Earth Systems Laboratory, Boulder, CO; Athanasios Nenes, Georgia Institute of Technology (p.1387)
• TIME SERIES MEASUREMENTS OF LOS ANGELES URBAN AEROSOL RETRIEVED BY APPLYING THE OPTIMAL ESTIMATION METHOD TO SMPS-APM DATA, MICHAEL J. CUBISON, Jose L. Jimenez, University of Colorado, CO (p.486)
• CCN STUDIES AT DIFFERENT LOCATIONS, Barbara Ervens, Graham Feingold, Elisabeth Andrews, John A. Ogren, NOAA Earth Systems Laboratory, Boulder, CO; MICHAEL J. CUBISON, Kenneth Docherty, Ingrid Ulbrich, Jose L. Jimenez, University of Colorado, CO; Athanasios Nenes, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA. (p.1448)
• GASEOUS AND PARTICULATE MERCURY IN THE LOS ANGELES BASIN, DAVID C. SNYDER, James J. Schauer, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Xueying Qin, Kimberly A. Prather, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA (p.1684)
• MEASURING THE DENSITY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ELECTRICAL MOBILITY SIZE SELECTED PARTICLES, MATT SPENCER, Laura Shields, Xueying Qin, Kimberly Prather, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (p.351) DAY-OF-THE-WEEK AND HOUR-OF-THE-DAY TRENDS IN THE MASS ABSORPTION EFFICIENCY OF ELEMENTAL CARBON IN THE URBAN ATMOSPHERE, DAVID C. SNYDER, James J. Schauer, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI; Matt Spencer, Kimberly A. Prather, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA (p.1749)
• FIELD EVALUATION OF A WATER-BASED ULTRAFINE CONDENSATION PARTICLE COUNTER, Mark R. Stolzenburg, Kenjiro Iida, Peter H. McMurry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, James N. Smith, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, Patricia B. Keady, Quant Technologies, Blaine, MN and Susanne V. Hering, Aerosol Dynamics Inc., Berkeley, CA (p.372)
• DETERMINATION OF PARTICLE EFFECTIVE DENSITY IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS WITH AN AEROSOL PARTICLE MASS ANALYZER AND SCANNING MOBILITY PARTICLE SIZER, MICHAEL D. GELLER, Subhasis Biswas and Constantinos Sioutas, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (p.1804)
• A MICRO-ENVIRONMENTAL, WATER-BASED, CONDENSATION PARTICLE COUNTER Susanne V. Hering Gregory S. Lewis, Fred R. Quant and Derek R. Oberreit,

Results of Previous Studies for the LA Area

• Measurements
• Source apportionment of VOCs in the Los Angeles area using positive matrix factorization. Brown et al., ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 41: 227-238 2007.
• Day-of-Week trends in carbonaceous aerosol composition in the urban atmosphere. Lough et al., ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 40: 4137-4149 2007.
• Seasonal and spatial variability of the size-resolved chemical composition of particulate matter (PM10) in the Los Angeles Basin. Sardar et al., JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, 110: 2005.
• Size-Fractionated Measurements of Ambient Ultrafine Particle Chemical Composition in Los Angeles Using the NanoMOUDI. Sardar et al., ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 39(4) 932-944 2005.
• Weekend/weekday different of ozone, NOx, CO, VOCs, PM10 and the light scatter during ozone season in southern California. Qin et al., ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 38: 3069-3087 2004.
• Homologous series of C1-C10 monocarboxylic acids and C1-C6 carbonyls in Los Angeles air and motor vehicle exhausts. Kawamura et al., ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 34: 4175-4191 2004.
• Atmospheric Reactions Influence Seasonal PAH and Nitro-PAH Concentrations in the Los Angeles Basin. Reisen F, Arey J. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 39 (1): 64-73 2004.
• Primary and secondary carbonaceous species in the atmosphere of Western Riverside County, California. Na et al., ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 34 1345-1355 2004.
• Characterization of PM_2.5 and selected gas-phase compounds at multiple indoor and outdoor sites in Mira Loma, California. Sawant et al., ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 38 (37): 6269-6278 2004.
• Chemical characterization of outdoor PM_2.5 and gas-phase compounds in Mira Loma, California. Sawant et al., ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 38 (33): 5517-5528 2004.
• Trace elements in fine particulate in western Riverside Count, matter within a community CA: focus on residential sites and a local high school. Na et al., ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 38 (18): 2867-2877 2004.
• Diurnal variations of individual organic compound constituents of ultrafine and accumulation mode particulate matter in the Los Angeles Basin. Fine et al., ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 38 (5): 1296-1304 2004.
• Ambient single particle analysis in Riverside, California by aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry during the SCOS97-NARSTO. Pastor et al., ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 37 (2): S239-S258 2003.
• Evolution of nitrogen species air pollutants along trajectories crossing the Los Angeles area. Hughes et al., ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 36 (18): 3928-3925 2002.
• PM_2.5 semivolatile organic material at Riverside, California: Implications for the PM_2.5 Federal Reference Method sampler. Pang et al., AEROSOL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 36 (3) 2777-288 2002.
• Hygroscopic properties of Pasadena, California aerosol. Cocker et al., AEROSOL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 35: 637-647 2001.
• Evolution of atmospheric particles along trajectories crossing the Los Angeles Basin. Hughes et al., ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 34 (15): 3058-3068 2000.
• Trends in fine particle concentration and chemical composition in Southern California. Christoforou et al., JOURNAL OF THE AIR AND WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION 50: 43-53 2000.
• Airborne analysis of the Los Angeles aerosol. Collins et al., ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 34: 4155-4173 2000.
• Variations in the size and chemical composition of nitrate-containing particles in Riverside, CA. Liu et al., AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 33 (1-2): 71-86 2000.
• Size and composition distribution of atmospheric particles in Southern California. Hughes LS, Allen JO, Kleeman MJ, Johnson RJ, Cass GR, Gross DS, Gard EE, GAlli ME, Morrical BD, Ferguson et al., ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 33 (20): 3506-3515 1999.
• Gas-phase and particle-phase organic compounds emitted from motor vehicle traffic in a Los Angeles roadway tunnel. Fraser et al., ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 32 (14): 2051-2060 1998.
• Chemical mass-balance source apportionment of PM10 during the Southern California air-quality study. Watson et al., AEROSOL SCIENCE & TECHNOLGY 21: 1-36 1994.
• Motor exhaust emissions as a primary source of dicarboxylic acids in Los Angeles ambient air. Kawamura and Kaplan, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 21: 105-110 1987.
• Variability in Ammonium Nitrate Formation and Nitric Acid Depletion with Altitude and Location Over California. Neuman JA, Nowak JB, Brock CA, Trainer M, Fehsenfed FC, Holloway JS, Hübler G, Hudson PK, Murphy DM, Nicks D.K. Jr., Orsini D, Parrish DD, Ryerson TB, Sueper DT, Sullivan A, and Weber R. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH - ATMOSPHERES 108 D17 4557 2003.
• Organic and Elemental Carbon Concentrations in Fine Particulate Matter in Residences, Schoolrooms, and Outdoor Air in Mira Loma, California. Kwangsam Na and Cocker DR III. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 39 (18): 3325-3333 2005.
• Overview of the 1997 Southern California Ozone Study (SCOS97-NARSTO). Croes BE and Fujita EM. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 37 (Supplement 2): 3-26 3003.


• Modeling
• Secondary organic aerosol: 3. Urban/regional scale model of size- and composition-resolved aerosols. Griffin R. J., Dabdub D., Kleeman M. J., Fraser M. P., Cass G. R. and Seinfeld J. H. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH 107, (D17), 4334,doi:10.1029/2001JD000544 2002.
• Modeling the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere of the South Coast Air Basin of California: 1. Ozone formation metrics . Griffin R. J., Revelle M. K. and Dabdub D. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 38 746-752 2004.
• Source reconciliation of atmospheric gas-phase and particle-phase pollutants during a severe photochemical smog episode. Schauer JJ, Fraser MP, Cass GR, Simoneit BRT. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 36 (17): 3806-3814 2002.
• Modeling the atmospheric concentrations of individual gas-phase and particle-phase organic compounds. Fraser MP, Kleeman MJ, Schauer JJ, Cass GR. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 34 (7): 1302-1312 2000.
• Identifying the effect of individual emissions sources on particulate air quality within a photochemical aerosol processes trajectory model. Kleeman MJ, Cass GR. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 33 (28): 4597-4613 1999.
• Size-resolved and chemically resolved model of atmospheric aerosol dynamics. Meng ZY, Dabdub D, Seinfeld JH. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES 103 (D3): 3419-3435 1998.
• Modelling urban and regional aerosols .2. Application to California's South Coast Air Basin. Lurmann FW, Wexler AS, Pandis SN, Musarra S, Kumar N, Seinfeld JH. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 31 (17): 2695-2715 1997.
• Modeling the airborne particle complex as a source-oriented external mixture. Kleeman MJ, Cass GR, Eldering A. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES 102 (D17): 21355-21372 1997.
• Source apportionment of airborne particulate matter using organic compounds as tracers. Schauer JJ, Rogge WF, Hildemann LM, Mazurek MA, Cass GR. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 30 (22): 3837-3855 1996.
• Air quality model evaluation data for organics .1. Bulk chemical composition and gas/particle distribution factors. Fraser MP, Grosjean D, Grosjean E, Rasmussen RA, Cass GR. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 30 (5): 1731-1743 1996.
• PHOTOCHEMICAL MODELING OF THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA AIR-QUALITY STUDY. HARLEY RA, RUSSELL AG, MCRAE GJ, CASS GR, SEINFELD JH. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 27 (2): 378-388 1993.
• SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL FORMATION AND TRANSPORT .2. PREDICTING THE AMBIENT SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL-SIZE DISTRIBUTION. PANDIS SN, WEXLER AS, SEINFELD JH. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS 27 (15): 2403-2416 1993.
• Impact of Climate Change on Photochemical Air Pollution in Southern California. Millstein DE and Harley RA. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 9(1): 1561-1583 2009.
• Calculations of Incremental Secondary Organic Aerosol Reactivity. Carreras-Sospedra M, Griffin RJ, and Dabdub D. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 39 (6): 1724-1730 2005.


• Health Effects
• The effects of components of fine particulate air pollution on mortality in California: Results from CALFINE. B. Ostro, et al., ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES, 115(1): 13-19 2006.
• The effect of air pollution on lung development from 10 to 18 years of age. W.J. Gauderman, et al., NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, 351: 1057-1067 2004.
• Association between air pollution and lung function growth in southern California children: results from a second cohort. W.J. Gauderman, et al., AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE, 166:76-84 2002.
• Association between air pollution and lung function growth in southern California children. W.J. Gauderman, et al., AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE, 162:1383-90 2000.
• A study of twelve Southern California communities with differing levels and types of air pollution. I. Prevalence of respiratory morbidity. J.M. Peters, et al., AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE, 159:760-767 1999.
• A study of twelve Southern California communities with differing levels and types of air pollution. II. Effects on pulmonary function. J.M. Peters, et al., AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE, 159:760-767 1999.

Participating Groups and Their Measurements

Filter-based sampler schedules

Other Participants, Studies, and Data

• Shane Murphy of the Seinfeld / Flagan group at Caltech sampled simultaneously with us after Aug. 2 in Pasadena using a ToF-AMS and other instrumentation, providing a point of spatial intercomparison within the LA Basin.



• Two other studies took place at Riverside at the same time as SOAR: the first is animal exposures at UCR to concentrated airborne particles (CAPs) purposely during photochemical periods, and the 2nd will be in collections of CAP in suspensions for in vitro toxicological evaluations.
  
  
• AQMD can provide 1-min. measurements at the sites of our interest upon request. Some sites of interest are:
• The Riverside-Rubidoux site is the closest to UCR, about 5 miles away. A better map is here
• The Riverside-Magnolia site, and a better map here.
• The San Bernardino site.
• The Pasadena Site at Caltech.

Some Relevant References and Links

• California Air Resources Board
• South Coast Air Quality Management District
• 2000-2004 Gas and Particle Pollution Measurements at Riverside-Rubidoux Monitoring Site
• Reactive Gases (O₃, NO, NO_x, and SO₂)
• PM2.5
• PM10
• Total Suspended Particulates
• Current Air Pollution Readings
• CA Air Monitoring Site Information
• Souther California Particle Center and Supersite
• Aerosol Mass Spectrometry Web Page

FTP Site for Information Sharing

We would like to start sharing data, as soon as they are available, through an FTP site. In particular Megan McKay of the Goldstein group will start posting meteorological and gas-phase data from her group in the next couple of days, and will update them every three days.For the time being we will use an FTP site at CU. If the total data volume becomes larger than a few hundred MB, we may need to switch to a commercial server that Nathan Kreisberg has looked into.

SOAR/UC Riverside Logistical Information (for future reference)

Accommodations at UCR

Accommodations for study participants are available through the UCR Extension Center's International Village, which offers 1-3 and some 5 bedroom student-living style apartments that are located just off of the main campus. Occupancy rates are $49.00/night for single occupancy and $26.00/person/night for occupancy of two or more with a $200.00 refundable deposit and an application fee of $70.00 per person. Completion of a temporary-housing application is required and early reservations are suggested. For more information, contact:

Citra Schwabe
International Residence Center Coordinator
UC Riverside Extension
1200 University Ave. Rm. 232
Riverside, CA 92507
Phone: (951) 827-1708
Fax: (951) 827-5796
e-mail: cschwabe@ucx.ucr.edu

Mailing address

If you need to have packages delivered to you during the study, the shipping address for the Air Pollution Research Center is as follows:

Air Pollution Research Center
c/o (your name here)
201 Fawcett Lab
University of California
Riverside, California 92521

Maps and locations of some important resources in and around Riverside

On-campus parking at UCR

If you have a UC faculty or staff parking permit you can use that here for free. Otherwise you can buy a monthly parking permit for a minimum of $32 (starting when you arrive not at the beginning of the month), weekly permits for $16, or daily permits for $6. Daily permits can be obtained from automated kiosks located throughout campus. Weekly and monthly permits must be obtained from parking services (building #272 on UCR map). If you would like to park near the labs, you must buy a blue lot parking permit (available for $40). When parking near the labs, please park ONLY on the North side of Paul's lab or East of T-14. DO NOT park South of the brown trailers or West of Paul's lab as you will eventually be forced to move your vehicle. If no spaces are available near the labs, please park in the lot designated on your parking permit. Also, your apartment is about a 15 minute walk away.

Off-site storage of shipping containers

There will be a limited amount of space (~1000 cu. ft.) available off-site for storing shipping containers during the SOAR campaign. We will be reserving the majority of this space for those groups that expressed a need for off-site storage and any additional space will be available on a first-come-first-served basis. The storage facility is located approximately 3 miles from the UCR campus and a map to this facility can be found by clicking here

Sampling site and lab diagrams/layouts

Standardization of time stamps and clock synchonization

Suzanne Hering is proposing that we standardize the time stamps for all data from all participants to be in Pacific Standard Time (PST). This is one hour less than the watch time, which is Pacific Daylight Savings Time (PDT). Part of the reason is that the data from the CARB and AQMD sites is always in PST. So unless anyone has a problem, we should all share data in PST. Also please list "PST" (or PDT or UTC or whatever you decide to report on) in the label for your time data, so that it is clear what convention you are using. This issue may seem trivial but it causes extensive confusion when dealing from data from multiple groups. There have even been papers published where the data from different instruments in the same plot were not actually in the same time base!

Obtaining gas cylinders at UCR

Gas cylinders can be ordered from the UCR storehouse. For more information on ordering cylinders and billing issues, please contact:

Judy Hodge
UCR Materials Management (Storehouse)
(951) 827-5542

Weekly meetings

We will have weekly science meetings each Thursday at 2:00 p.m., beginning July 21st. At the first of these meetings, we will discuss a variety of outstanding logistical issues including how to organize the scientific meetings. Main goals of subsequent meetings will be to familiarize everyone with the array of instrumentation and measurements involved in the campaign and to report and discuss preliminary data from each group. Students from each group will be asked to present on a rotating basis. As we'll probably have too many people for the APRC conference room across the street, we'll meet in room 301 in the Science Laboratories I building down the hill (building #416 on the campus map).